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1.featuresofPuritanism请教主义(1)Predestination:Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.(2)Originalsin:Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(3)Totaldepravity(4)Limitedatonement:Onlythe“elect”canbesaved.2,AmericanPuritanism美国请教主义的BasicPuritanBeliefs(1)TotalDepravity-throughAdamandEve'sfall,everypersonisbornsinful-conceptofOriginalSin.(2)UnconditionalElection-Godsavesthosehewishes-onlyafewareselectedforsalvation-conceptofpredestination.(3)LimitedAtonement-Jesusdiedforthechosenonly,notforeveryone.(4)IrresistibleGrace-God'sgraceisfreelygiven,itcannotbeearnedordenied.GraceisdefinedasthesavingandtransfiguringpowerofGod.(5)Perseveranceofthesaints-thoseelectedbyGodhavefullpowertointerpretthewillofGod,andtoliveuprightly.Ifanyonerejectsgraceafterfeelingitspowerinhislife,hewillbegoingagainstthewillofGod-somethingimpossibleinPuritanism.(6)Puritanvalues(creeds):Hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety,simpletastes.Puritansaremorepractical,tougher,tobeeverreadyforanymisfortuneandtragicfailureandoptimistic..3.InfluenceonAmericanLiterature对美国文学影响定义:AmericaliteratureisingoodmeasurealiteraryexpressionofthepiousidealismoftheAmericanPuritanismbequest.AllliteratureisbasedonamythofgardenofEden.Symbolism象征theAmericanpuritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschieflyinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.SymbolismasatechniquehasbecomeacommonpracticeinAmericanliterature.Withregardtotheirwriting,thestyleisfresh,simpleanddirect;therhetoricisplainandhonest,notwithoutatouchofnobilityoftentraceabletothedirectinfluenceoftheBible.4.TheliterarySceneincolonialAmerica殖民地的美国Humbleorigins:diaries,histories,journals,letters,travelbooks,autobiographies/biographies,sermons各种作家Writers:(1)JohnSmith:thefirstAmericanwriter(2)AnneBradstreet:aPuritanpoet,TheCompleteWork:TenthMuseLatelySprungUpInAmerica(3)EdwardTaylor:avarietyofverse:funeralelegies,lyrics,amedievaldebate,anda500-pageMetricalHistoryofChristianity(mainlyahistoryofmartyrs).Hisbestworks,accordingtomoderncritics,aretheseriesofshortPreparatoryMeditations.5;FeaturesofColonialPoets殖民地诗人的特征Americanliteraturegrewoutofhumbleorigins.Diaries,histories,journals,letters,commonplacebooks,travelbooks,sermons,inshort,personalliteratureinitsvariousforms,occupyamajorpositionintheliteratureoftheearlycolonialperiod.TheyfaithfullyimitatedandtransplantedEnglishliterarytraditions.---InEnglishstyleTheywereservantsofGod.---PuritanpoetsTheyservedeitherGodorcolonialexpansionorboth.6,AnneBradstreet’sWorks1,“SomeversesontheBurningofOurHouse”2,“TheSpiritandtheFlesh”3,TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica(thefirstcollectionpublishedbyEnglishcolonistslivinginAmerica)7.severalpointsinthisperiod:(1)WilliamHillBrownpublishedthefirstAmericannovelThePowerofSympathyin1789.(2)CharlesBrockdenBrown)wasthefirstAmericanauthortoattempttolivefromhiswriting.HedevelopedthegenreofAmericanGothic.Heemployednewnarrativetechniques.Anothersignificancewashisdescriptionofhischaracters’innerworld,sohisworkscanbereadaspsychologicalnovel.(3)RogerWilliams(1603-1683)PreachforcivilandreligiouslibertyandagainstthepuritanoligarchyofBoston.CallfordemocraticgovernmentandopposetotheevictionoftheIndians.Works:TheBloodyTenetofPersecutionfortheCauseofConscience(4)CJohnWoolman1:FromapiousQuakerfamily2:Transcendentalismhumanitarianism3:Pleafortherightsofallmenandtheabolitionoftheslaverysystem.Works:SomeConsiderationsontheKeepingofNegroes;APleaforthePoor.(5)ThomasPaine:AgreatinfluenceintheAmericanRevolutionWorks:TheRightsofMan;TheAgeofReason(6)PhilipFreneau:“PoetoftheAmericanRevolution”“FatherofAmericanPoetry”,themostsignificantpoetof18thcenturyinAmerica.Someoffhisthemesandimagesanticipatedtheworksofsuch19thcenturyAmericanRomanticwritersasCooper,Emerson,PoeandMelville.Hisworks:(1)TheRisingGloryofAmerica1772《美洲光辉的兴起》(2)TheWildHoneySuckle1786《野地里德忍冬》(3)TheIndianBuryingGround1788《印第安人墓地》(4TheDyingIndian:TomoChequi《奄奄一息的印第安人：托姆·柴吉》关于他的评价：Hewasthemostsignificantpoetof18thcenturyAmerica.Someofhisthemesandimagesanticipatedtheworksofsuch19thcenturyAmericanRomanticwritersasCooper,Emerson,PoeandMelville.PoetofAmericanIndependence:FreneauprovidesincentiveandinspirationtotherevolutionbywritingsuchpoemsasTheRisingGloryofAmericaandPicturesofColumbus.Journalist:FreneauwaseditorandcontributorofTheFreeman'sJournal(Philadelphia)from1781-1784.Inhiswritings,headvocatedtheessenceofwhatisknownasJeffersoniandemocracy-decentralizationofgovernment,equalityforthemasses,etc.Freneau'sReligion:Freneauisdescribedasadeist-abelieverinnatureandhumanitybutnotapantheist.Indeism,religionbecomesanattitudeofintellectualbelief,notamatterofemotionalofspiritualecstasy.FreneaushowsinterestandsympathyforthehumbleandtheoppressedFreneauasFatherofAmericanPoetry:Hismajorthemesaredeath,nature,transition,andthehumaninnature.Allofthesethemesbecomeimportantin19thcenturywriting.Allthewhile.inromanticizingthewondersofnatureinhiswritings...hesearchedforanAmericanidiominverse.8：TheAmericanEnlightenment美国启蒙运动(1)Itwasapartofalargerintellectualmovem