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一、现在完成时标志词：just、already、yet，ever,never,recently,for,since,before,stillnow,sofar,比较havebeento表示去过，已经回来了。havegoneto表示去了，还没有回来。Havebeenin表示一直在某个地方1)IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。2)HehasgonetoBeijing,andhewillbebacknextweek.3)IhavebeeninBeijingforthreeyears.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.（他参军已有3年了。）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有好久了。）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用hasleftsince.for都是完成时的标志词如：Hehastaughtheresince1981.他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）Ihave'tseenherforfouryears.我有四年没见到她了。如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。Itis+一段时间+since+过去式如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。二、过去完成时句中的动作发生在过去之前（过去的过去），即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。过去完成时常用的时间状语有（1）、bytheendoflastyear.Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned5000newwords.（2）、Bythetimesb.+动词过去式ThebushadalreadyleftbythetimeIgotthere.Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引导的。例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.（1）by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.过去完成时-语法区别（1）、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别比较：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。（2）、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别比较：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.练习题1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.A.wenttoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beento2.Myparents______Shangdongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen3、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen6.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that7.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet8.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept9.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad10.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had11.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway12.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.Live13.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone14.HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.AhadenjoyedBwasenjoyingChaveenjoyedDhavebeenenjoying15.Bytheendof1976，manybuildings_____builtinthecity.AhavebeenBhaveChadbeenDwill16.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto17.It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen18.—Ourcountry____alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better19.We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.AhadlearnedBlearnedChavelearnedDwillhavelearned20.WhenLiMinghurriedhome，hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.Ahas；beensentBhad；sentChas；sentDhad；beensent21.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade22.HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch，soshewasveryhungry.AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thad23.She_____herkeysintheoffice,soshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft；comesBhadleft；wouldcomeChadleft；cameDleft；hadcome24.Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.Ahasbegun；getBhasbeenon；getChadbegun；gotDhadbeenon；got25.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take