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1物流英语课后习题第一单元Unit118-191.Itisthroughthelogisticalprocessthatmaterialsflowintothevastmanufacturingcapacityofanindustrialnationandproductsaredistributedthroughmarketingchannelstoconsumers.正是通过物流的过程原材料才得以流入工业国家巨大的制造机器中，产品才得以通过市场这个渠道流向顾客。2.Logisticsiscomplex.InChinaalone,themarketstructureinvolvesmorethan20millionretailingnetworksandmorethan2millionwholesalersnetworks.物流复杂极了。仅在中国的市场上就有2000多万个零售网点和200多万个批发网点。3.Oneexpertholdstheviewthatlogisticsisaniceberg,onlythetopofwhichisseen.Whatisunseenismuchbigger.有一位专家认为，物流是一座冰山，人们只看到了冰山的水面上那部份，水下未见得那部份更大。4.Theoverallgoaloflogisticsistoachieveatargetedlevelofcustomerserviceatthelowestpossibletotalcost.物流的整体目标是以最低的成本取得预期的顾客服务的水平。5.Inthebeginning,companiesthatcouldaffordinventorywereabletosatisfycustomerdemand.在早期，有库存能力的公司能够满足顾客的要求。6.Thedistributionormarketchannelisperhapstheleastunderstoodbusinessarea.配送渠道或市场渠道也许是人们知道得最少的商业领域。7.Quiteanumberofcompaniesachievedsuccessbycreatingvaluethroughoutdomesticandglobalsupplychains.相当多的公司通过遍及国内和全世界的供应链创造价值而获得成功。8.Logisticshashugeimpactondomesticandglobaleconomy.物流对国内经济和全球经济有巨大的影响。9.TheinternationalRedCrossoperateslikeamobilewarehouse.国际红十字会的工作就像一个活动的仓库。10.MorethanUSD25millionwasspentonlogisticsforthesummerOlympicsinAtlanta,Georgia.在佐亚州的亚特兰大举行的夏季奥运会上，物流的费用为2500多万美元。11.Thebasicconceptsoflogisticalmanagementareapplicablethroughoutprivateandpublicenterpriseactivities.物流管理的基本概念适用于所有私营企业和公用企业。12.Logisticshasbecomeaprofessionthatvaluesstrategicthinking,analyticalskills,andtheuseoftechnology-basedtools.物流已经变成一种职业，注重战略思维、分析技术和采用技术型工具。13.TheappearanceofforeigncompanieswillcontributestothedevelopmentoflogisticsinChina.外国公司的出现将有助于物流在另的发展。14.Logisticsplaysaveryimportantroleinpromotingeconomicdevelopment.物流对经济的发展起了很大的推动作用。15.Iliketocarryoutdetailedanalysisofaproblem.我喜欢对问题进行详细的分析。16.Nowadays,peopleinlogisticsbusinesshaveanincomehigherthantheaverage.现在从事物流行业的收入高于平均数。17.Toensurethetimelinessoflogistics,itisimportanttokeepacertainlevelofinventory.为了保证物流的及时性，就要求一定的库存存在。第二单元Unit240-411.Incustomerserviceperformance,availabilitymeansprovidingaproductormaterialonapredictablebasis.在客户服务绩效方面，可用性就是在预测的基础上提供产品或原料。2.Availabilitydependsonkeepingasafestockandhowfastthestockisfilledupaccordingtoorders.可用性取决于安全库存以及根据订货填满库存有多快。3.Performanceistheabilitytoachieveapredeterminedspeed,consistencyandflexibilityindelivery.2绩效是交付货物时达到预期的速度、取得一致性和灵活性的能力。4.Thedevelopmentandmaintenanceofqualityperformancearebasedoncontinuousmeasurementoflogisticaloperations.质量绩效的开发和维持是以对物流作业持续不断的衡量为基础的。5.Logisticsinindustrializedcountriesisnowthelastfrontierforincreasingbenefitsinindustrialproduction.工业化国家的物流现在是增加工业生产利润的最后空间。6.Itisimportanttofullyunderstandcustomerservicedeliverableswhenestablishinglogisticalstrategy.在确定物流策略时，完整理解客户服务的可交付性是重要的。7.Basiccustomerserviceisdefinedintermsofavailability,performanceandreliability.基本的客户服务是从可得性、绩效和可靠性三方面来衡量的。8.Littleelseissignificantifthecustomer，sexpectationsarenotfullymet.如果客户的期望值没有完全实现，其它任何东西就都不重要了。9.Logisticalperformanceshouldbemodifiedovertimetoaccommodatechangingmarketingrequirements.物流绩效应随时调整，以适应不断变化的市场需求。10.Afundamentalqualityissueinlogisticsistheabilitytocomplytolevelsofplannedinventoryavailabilityandoperationalperformance.物流中的基本质量问题就是能够遵守计划库存可得性的水平和操作绩效。11.Intoday’sindustrialsociety,itisauniversallyacknowledgedfactthatlogisticsisplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.在今天的工业社会里,物流扮演的角色越来越重要,这已有共识.12.Realizationofcustomer’sexpectationisacorestrategyofsuccessfullogistics.实现顾客的期望值是成功物流的一个核心战略.13.Achievementoflogisticshighefficiencycan’tberealizedwithoutphysicalvehicles’continuousintechnology.实现物流高效率离不开实物运输工具在技术上的不断改进.14.Theultimateinlogisticsqualityistodoeverythingrightanddoitrightthefirsttime.物流的最终质量要求就是把每件事都做对并在第一时间做对.15.Foodstuffsaretypicalconvenienceproducts.食物是典型的方便性消费品.16.Automobilesandhousesareproductsthatpeoplecanbuyaftercarefuldeliberation汽车,房子是人们要经过深思熟虑后才能购买的产品.17.Bytheendofthisyear,thecompany’sprofitsmustbeverysubstantialwithincreasingmarketexpansion.因为市场的不断开拓,公司今年年底的效益一定非常可观.18.Manyfirmsaretryingtocreatetheiruniquebrandinordertoguidecustomers’spreference.许多公司都在努力创造自己的特色品牌以引导消费者偏好.19.Productscanbedividedintotwocategories;industrialproductsandconsumerproducts.产品可以分为工业用品和消费用品两种20.Effectiveproductsdistributionpatternscansaveagreatdealoftimeforthewholelogisticsprocess.有效的产品配送模式能够给整个物流过程节省大量时间.第三单元Unit369-701.Transportmayaccountforone-thirdtotwo-thirdsoftotallogisticscosts.交通运输可能占整个物流成本的1/3到2/3.2.Thechoicesavailabletotheuserstypicallyincludethefivemajortransportmodes(air,truck,rail,water,andpipe)andtheircombinations.用户一般可以选择五大运输模式飞机\汽车\铁路\水路和管道运输,也可以互相结合运用.3.Thecostcharacteristicsvaryfromonemodetoanotheranddeterminetheirratestructures.几个模式的成本的特点各有千秋,决定了费率结构有所不同.4.Ontheotherhand,carrierperformanceisbasedontheextentofshipmenthandlingatterminalsandinherentspeedofthecarrier.3另外一方面,船舶绩效取决于码头上的装卸能力以及船本身的速度.5.Thetransportationequipmentisthesameasthatuseddomestically,withtheexceptionthatcertain某种elementsofthetransportsystemhavebecomemoreimportant.运输设备和国内所用的一样,但运输系统的某些要素变得更为重要.6.Fortunately,thereexistmiddlemen,agentsfreightforwarders,andbrokerstoassi