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thewildhoneysuckle（PhilipFreneau）Asisdisplayedinthispoem,honeysuckle,insteadofroseofdaffodilbecametheobjectofdepiction;itis“wild”justtoconveythefreshperceptionofthenaturalscenesonthenewcontinent.Theflowers,similartotheearlyPuritansettlers,usedtobelievetheyweretheselectsofGodtobearrangedontheabundantland,butnowhavetowakeupfromfantasyandbemorerespectfultonaturallaw.Timeisconstantbutthetimeofalifeisshort;anyfavorisrelativebutchangeisabsolute;withorwithouttheawareness,naturedevelops;flowerswereborn,blossomedanddeclinedtorepose,andhumanbeingswouldexistinexactlythesameway.Aphilosophicalmeditationisindicatedbythedescriptionofthefateofatrivialwildplant.Thanatopsis(williamcullenbryant)Thanatopsis”isameditativepoemofeighty-twolines,grantingconsolationforhumanmortalitythroughmankind`sunitywithnature.Thepoemisawonderfulliteraryworkwhichexplorestheoftencontroversialquestionsofdeath.WithinhiswellwrittenlinesBryantattemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweendeath'seternalquestionsandtheongoingcycleofnatureandlife.Thanatopsis(1817),showsthedeepRomanticspiritofBryantinhisyouth.Bryant’sviewisthatdeathistheabsoluteendoftheindividual.Naturehasakindofhealingeffect.Naturecanshareyourhappiness.Theimageofdeathisdefinitelynothorrifying,becauseyouwillbemeltedintonature.Atfirst,this“viewofdeath”mightseemacoldandterrifyingthought.But,asheexplainsinlaterpoems,thelifeofmanispartofthewonderfullifeofnatureasawhole.Theindividualsoulisnotalonebut,ashesaysinAForestHymn,partof“thesoulofthiswideuniverse”.Almostallofhispoetryexpresseshisexcitementattheideaofbeingpartofsomethingsovast.towaterfowl(williamcullenbryant)Thepoemisabigsuccessinpresentingthebeautifulandenchantingnaturalscenery.theusageofapostrophebythepoetcreatesasenseofintimacybetweenthewaterfowlandus.thispoemvividlypresentsforusasolitaryandwearywaterfowlflyinginthedistantrosysky.thepoetwasactuallyaskedhimselfwhereheshouldgo,wherewashiseventualdestination.Andthisrelationbetweenthebirdandthepoetpavesthewayforhismoralteaching.Fromthewaterfowl,thepoetwasteachingustheimportanceofstruggling,offightingagainstdifficultiesandharshness.Althoughthedarknightwasnear,althoughtheatmospherewascoldandthin,althoughthewaterfowlwastired,thebirddidnotrest.Tohelen(EdgarAllanPoe)ThethemeofthisshortpoemisthebeautyofawomanwithwhomPoebecameacquaintedwhenhewas14.Apparentlyshetreatedhimkindlyandmayhaveurgedhim–orperhapsinspiredhim–towritepoetry.Beauty,asPoeusesthewordinthepoem,appearstorefertothewoman'ssoulaswellasherbody.Ontheonehand,herepresentsherasHelenofTroy–thequintessenceofphysicalbeauty–atthebeginningofthepoem.Ontheother,herepresentsherasPsyche–thequintessenceofsoulfulbeauty–attheendofthepoem.InGreek,psychemeanssoul.AsistypicalwithmanyofPoe'spoems,therhythmandrhymeschemeofToHelenisirregularbutmusicalinsound.Thepoemconsistsofthreestanzasoffivelineseach,wheretheendrhymeofthefirststanzaisABABB,thatofthesecondisABABA,andthatofthethirdisABBAB.Poeusessoothing,positivewordsandrhythmstocreateafittingtoneandatmosphereforthepoem.Hisconcludingimageisthatoflight,withabrilliantwindownicheandtheagatelampsuggestingtheglowingoftheHolyLand,forwhichHelenisthebeacon.\TheravenPoewrotethepoemasanarrative,withoutintentionallycreatinganallegoryorfallingintodidacticism.Themainthemeofthepoemisoneofundyingdevotion.Thenarratorexperiencesaperverseconflictbetweendesiretoforgetanddesiretoremember.Heseemstogetsomepleasurefromfocusingonloss.ThenarratorassumesthatthewordNevermoreistheraven'sonlystockandstore,and,yet,hecontinuestoaskitquestions,knowingwhattheanswerwillbe.Hisquestions,then,arepurposelyself-deprecatingandfurtherincitehisfeelingsofloss.Poeleavesituncleariftheravenactuallyknowswhatitissayingorifitreallyintendstocauseareactioninthepoem'snarrator.Thenarratorbeginsasweakandweary,becomesregretfulandgrief-stricken,beforepassingintoafrenzyand,finally,madness.ChristopherF.S.Maligecsuggeststhepoemisatypeofelegiacparaclausithyron,anancientGreekandRomanpoeticformconsistingofthelamentofanexcluded,locked-outloveratthesealeddoorofhisbeloved.AnnabelleePoesetthesceneinakingdombytheseaandusessomeimageslikesepulcherandtomb,whichaddsomeGothictouchtothepoem.Withtherepetitionofsomewordsandphrases,thepoemhasanostalgictoneandgivesusamournfulfeeling.Themysterioustoneofthepoemmakesusfeelthatonlyinmysteriousandancienttimedoessuchkindofloveexist.Besidesthecontent,thepoeticstructureofthispoemisalsowhatIappreciate.Itiscomposedofsixstanzaswithlinesatdifferentlength,whichgivesmeafeelingofthewavesoftheocean.WhenIreadit,therhymeandthedifferentlengthmakesithasamusicaleffectanditisliketellingastorytosomeone.Apsalmoflife(henrywadsworthlongfellow)Apsalmofliferevealstheoptimistictheme－timeisfleeting,actinthelivingpresent.Itappealstotheworld´people:toactnow,tofightforfree,tobeahero.Apsalmoflifeshowsaspiritofgenerality、encouragement、andoptimisticattitude.Toalargedegree,itisalsotheAmerican´swestwardmovement,territoryenlargementandoverseasexpansion.Italsoencouragepeopletofightfortheircountry´sindenpondence.Itiswidelyreadforitspositiveandcourageoustoneandinfluencesgenerati