汽车英语unit1-unit3.1

1汽车专业英语SpecialEnglishforAutomobile主编：黄韶烔/栾志强Editor:HuangShaotongLuanZhiqiang人民交通出版社ChinaCommunicationsPress2345概述一、汽车专业英语课程性质与学习目的基础英语相结合的后续课程;汽车专业(英语)在进一步学习专业英语的基础上，加上对汽车专业知识的学习,做到能够熟练互译。6二、汽车专业英语课程简介1.AutomobileConstructionEngineChassisBodyElectricalEquipmentlubricationsystem;coolingsystem;fuelInjectionsystem;exhaustsystem;ignitionsystemclutch;transmission;thedifferrential;brakesystem;steeringsystem;suspensionsystem2.ABSandTCS3.CruiseControlSystem4.ElectricCars7三、学习思路新词的认识NewWords课文知识学习（语法、专业知识等）reading、translationandexplain课后阅读巩固Dosomereading多读、多听、多写汽车知识的熟悉8四、相关参考书目的介绍王锦俞，闵思鹏.图解英汉汽车技术词典.机械工业出版社中国汽车技术研究中心.英汉汽车综合词典.北京理工大学出版社邓贤贵，徐达.汽车专业英语.人民交通出版社蔡安薇，崔永春.汽车专业英语.北京理工大学出版社9Unit1AutomotiveBasics1.1TheBody1.2TheChassis1.2.1TheFrame1.2.2TheEngine1.2.3ThePowerTrain10NewWords1.body车身2.chassis[英][‘ʃæsi]n.车身底盘3.enclosure英音：[in'kləuʒə]美音：[ɪn'kloʒɚ]N.外壳、盒子、套、附件4.hood[hud]n.发动机罩，车篷、车顶vt.给…罩上；给…装车篷；覆盖5.sway[swei]v.摇摆、摇动6.frame英音：[freim]美音：[frem]n.车架7.steering英音：['stiəriŋ]美音：['stɪrɪŋ]8.brake英音：[breik]美音：[brek]9.weld英音：[weld]美音：[wɛld]n/v:焊接10.rivet英音：[‘rivit]美音：[’rɪvɪt]n.铆钉；v.用铆钉铆接1111.bolt英音：[bəult]美音：[bolt]n.螺栓，螺钉；v.用螺栓联接12.washer英音：[‘wɔʃə]美音：[’wɑʃɚ]n.垫圈、洗涤器13.vibration英音：[vai'breiʃən]美音：[vaɪ'breʃən]n.振动、颤动14.stabilizer英音：['steibilaizə]美音：['steb!aɪzɚ]n.稳定器、稳定杆15.ride[raid]n.乘坐舒适性16.handling英音：['hændliŋ]美音：['hændlɪŋ]n.操纵稳定性17.linkage英音：['liŋkidʒ]美音：['lɪŋkɪdʒ]n.转向传动机构1218.plier英音：['plaiə]美音：['plaɪɚ]n.钳子19.distributor英音：[dis'tribjutə]美音：[dɪ'strɪbjətɚ]n.分电器、配电器20.alternator英音：['ɔ:ltəneitə]美音：['ɔltɚ,netɚ]n.交流发电机21.regulator英音：['regjuleitə]美音：['rɛgjə,letɚ]n.调节器22.carburetor英音：['kɑ:bjuretə]美音：['kɑrbə,retɚ]n.化油器23.radiator英音：['reidieitə]美音：['redɪ,etɚ]n.散热器，水箱24.defroster英音：[di:'frɔ:stə]美音：[di'frɔstɚ]n.除冰装置，防结冰装置1325.sludge英音：[slʌdʒ]美音：[slʌdʒ]n.金属碎屑26.transmission英音：[træns'miʃən]美音：[træns'mɪʃən]n.变速器27.differential英音：[,difə'renʃəl]美音：[,dɪfə'rɛnʃəl]n.差速器14IntroductionAutomobile，trucks，andbusesareessentialformsoftrans-portation.Theyarecomplexmachinesmadeupofmanyparts.Thesepartscanbegroupedintoanumberofsystems.Anund-erstandingofhowthesystemsworkwillhelpyouunder-standhowtheautomobileworks.（了解各个系统工作过程有助于理解汽车的工作原理。）Anautomobilecanbedividedintotwobasicparts——abodyandachassis.Thebodyistheenclosurethathouse（v.安置）theengine,passengers,andcargo.Itisthepartoftheautomobilethatyousee.Thechassisisthatpartoftheautomobilebeneaththebody.Unit1AutomotiveBasics15161718Figure1-1OverallStructureOfClassicCar(典型轿车的总体构造)191.1TheBodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindo-ws,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.车身由金属薄板外壳和窗户、车、门、发动机罩、行李箱等组成。Itisstreamlined（adj.流线型的）tolessenwindresistanceandtokeepthecarfromswayingatdrivingspeeds.汽车的流线型设计是为了减少空气阻力和防止汽车行驶时发生摇摆。20211.2TheChassisThechassisisanassembly(n.总成)ofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartsofavehicle.Thethreeimportantpartsofthechassisaretheframe（车架）,theengine（发动机）,andthepowertrain(alsocalledthedrivetrain，传动系).Asystemisamechanicalorelectricalunitthatperfor-msaspecificfunction.22231.2.1TheFrameItismadefromtoughsteelsectionswelded,riveted,orboltedtogether.它是由韧性钢零件通过焊接，铆接或螺栓连接而成的。Acarwiththeframebuiltintothebodyhasaunitizedbodyorunibody(承载式车身).Thefrontandrearwheelsareattachedtothechassisbyasuspensionsystem.Thissystemismadeupofsprings(弹簧),shockabsorbers（减震器）,controlarms（控制臂）,andstabilizers（稳定杆）.Thesesupportthevehicleandcushionitfromroadbumpsforbetterrideandhandling.24Thesteeringsystem,controlsthecar’sdirectionoftravel.Itincludesawheelandcolumn（转向管柱）,steeringgears（转向齿轮机构）,rods（连杆）,andlinkages（转向传动机构）.2526Asthebrakepedal(制动踏板)ispushedwiththefoot,brakefluidisforcedthroughbrakelines（制动管路）intocylindersthatpressthebrakeshoes（制动蹄）againstadrum（制动鼓）.（Figer1-3）1.2.2TheEngine1、twotypesofautomotiveengine:gasoline-burningpistonengine（活塞式汽油发动机）(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine，点燃式发动机),diesel-fuelburningengine（柴油机）(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine，压燃式发动机).Theenginehasfuel,exhaust,cooling,lubricationsystem,andignitionsystem(gasolineengine).2、Theignitionsystemsuppliestheelectricspark（电火花）neededtoignitetheair-fuelmixture（燃料空气混合物）inthecylinders.Whentheignitionswitchisturnedon,currentflows272829fromthe12-voltstoragebatterytotheignitioncoil（点火线圈）.Thecoilbooststhevoltagetoproducethestrongsparkof20,000Vneededtoignitiontheenginefuel.3、Theautomobilesuppliesalltheelectricityitneedsthroughitselectricalsystem.Forexample,theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition（点火）,horn（喇叭）,lights（车灯）,heater（加热器，暖风装置）,andstarter（启动装置）.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thecircuitconsistsofthebattery（蓄电池）（storeselectricity）,alternator（交流发电机）(orgenerator,changestheengine’smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery),andtheregulator（调节器）(preventsdamagetothesystembyregulatingthemaximuminthecircuit).304、Thefuelsystemstoresliquidfuelanddeliversittotheengine.Thefuelisstoredinthetank（油箱）,whichisconnectedtoafuelpump（燃油泵）byafuelline（燃油管）.Thefuelispumpedfromthefueltankthroughthefuellines.Itisforcedthroughafilter（过滤器）(whichremovesmoisture（水分）anddirt)intothecarburetor（化油器）,whereitismixedwithair,o