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熊建树Review宾语从句引导词语序：时态：thatif/whether疑问词陈述语序主句为现在时态，从句可以是需要的任何时态主句为过去时态，从句应使用相应的过去的时态。从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句直接引语：直接引述别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。间接引语：转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语与间接引语的定义直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：1）直接引语为陈述句2）直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）3）直接引语为祈使句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say,也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说saythat,tellsb.that，不可直接说tellthat陈述句e.g.Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”→Heoftensays(that)Chinaisgreat.Tomsays,“Iamastudent.”→Tomsays(that)heisastudent.Hesays,“Ileavemybookinyourroom”→Hesaid(that)helefthisbookinyourroom.一般疑问句Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask，语序要变为陈述语序•Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”•HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.•Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”•Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.•“Isheallright?”Theycriedout.•Theycriedoutwhetherhewasallright.注意：大多数情况下，if,whether可以互换，但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。特殊疑问句•Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”•Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.•Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”•Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/asksb.(not)todosth.其他变化同上。祈使句Hesaid,“Pleasecomeheretomorrow.”Theteachersaid,“Don’ttalkanymore.”Heaskedmetogotherethenextday.Theteachertoldusnottotalkanymore.１）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim一随主，二随宾，三不变Practice:1)Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid____brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_____motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,‘‘sheisagoodstudent.’’Myteachersaid____wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“I’veleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat___hadleft___bookin___room.hishershehehermy1.Wewantyoutotakeamessageforher.saidtheGreens.TheGreenstoldmethatwantedtotakeamessagefor.theymeher2.Areyouwillingtolendusahand?shesaidtohim.Sheaskedhimwhetherwaswillingtolendahand.hethemHesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher？”→HeaskswhetherTomisastudentorateacher.Heaskedme,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?“→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.Mysisteraskedme:“Whatisyourfriend?”→Mysisteraskedmewhatmyfriendwas.Jackaskedme,Howdoyoulikethefilm?→JackaskedmehowIlikedthefilm.Thesoliderordered,“Bequiet.”→Thesoliderorderedustobequiet.Hesaidtoher,“Openthedoor,please.”→Heaskedhertoopenthedoor.Shesays,“IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.”→Shesays(that)shewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”→Heoftentellsmethathewilltellmeaboutthem.2)时态的变化Hesays,‘‘Iwilldoittomorrow”Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变．直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时1.“Iamilltoday.”saidmymother.Mymothersaidthatsheillthatday.2.“WeworkhardatEnglish.”hesaid.wasHesaidthattheyhardatEnglish.worked1.Theysaidtome,“Weareworkinghardatacompany.”Theytoldmethattheyatacompany.wereworking2.“Iamwritingaletternow.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshealetterthen.waswritingPractice:１.Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingadventurestories.”Johnsaidthathe_____readingadventurestories.２.Shesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”Shetoldmethatshe____________myCDplayer.３.Hesaid,“I’llcomeherethismorning.”Hesaidhe_______gotherethatmorning４.Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Hesaysthathe___________hishomework.５.Hesaid,“theyareplayinggamesoverthere?”Hesaidthatthey_______playinggamesoverthere.likedhadbrokenwouldhadfinishedwere直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变１.直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时，变间接引语时时态不变．２.当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变．1.Ourteachersaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Ourteachersaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.travels2.“Igraduatedin1966.”Mybrothersaid.Mybrothersaidthathein1966.graduated1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthisround.”2.Myfathersaidtome,“Iwasbornin1961.”Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthisround.Myfathertoldmethathewasbornin1961.nowthentodayThatdaytonightThatnightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThedaybeforelastnightThenightbeforetomorrowThenext/followingdaynext…Thenext/following…直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：※直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:※直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：※直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：this变为that;these变为those本来就是that/those则不变。1.“Whatdoesthiswordmean?”sheaskedme.Sheaskedmewhatwordmeant.that2.“Canyouseethatmaponthewall?”heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIcouldseemaponthewall.that3.“Doyoulikethesetoys?”Janeaskedus.Janeaskedusifwelikedtoys.those4.“Bringthoseballstome.”saidmysister.Mysisteraskedustobringballstoher.those1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.Ma