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Part2Verb-ingformasanoun表语主语宾语动名词定语1.动名词的句法功能:动名词由动词加ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.①作主语,可以直接放在句首,但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语,而把动名词后置,如:Itisnouse(good)+动名词:做某事没用(不好)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)It’snogoodsmokinginpublic.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.可改为:Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)不能改为:Collectingstampsishe.②作表语:通常是说明主语的内容,注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别Ican’tstand__withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostopHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost---Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine__thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen③作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practise,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,escape,miss,risk,deny,allow,forbid等)IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminwinter.Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.Ipreferdrivingtoriding.Tips:有些动词(continue,prefer,begin,hate,like,start,love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语,意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性,用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered____atheparty,butnot___.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave有些动词,如forget,remember,regret等,后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。B.作介词的宾语Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing习惯于做;lookforwardtodoing盼望做;devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做;spendtime(in)doing花时间做;befondofdoing喜爱做;begoodatdoing擅长做;beproudofdoing为做…而自豪;betiredofdoing对做…感到厌倦;feellikedoing欲想做;leadto导致;insiston坚持要做;object反对;succeed/besuccessfulin成功地做了goondoing继续做(原来的事);keepondoing不停地做;whataboutdoing做…怎么样;thinkofdoing考虑做;beinterestedindoing对做…感兴趣;havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难;bebusy(in)doing忙于做;insteadofdoing做…而不做…EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand___jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup④作定语动名词可作前置定语,表示所修饰的词的用途或目的,可用for改写;而现在分词作定语时,可用定语从句改写。swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleepingThat’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作——产卵。⑤作同位语①人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格,即形容词性物主代词。Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.There’snoneedforthatbeingdone.②逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时,很少用所有格,而用普通格。2.动名词的逻辑主语Doyoumindmysmokinghere?③逻辑主语是名词时,用所有格,但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。Mary’slaughingmadeTomangry.Thereisnohopeofthefactorymakingprofit.④在口语中,动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。Ireallycan’tunderstand___herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating3.动名词的完成式(havingdone)、一般式被动(beingdone)和完成式被动(havingbeendone)。Afterhavingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.Heattendedthemeetingwithoutbeingasked.Shenevertoldmeaboutherhavingbeeninterviewedbythepolice.习题演练1.Ihaveaveryimportantmeetingtoattend.(P8)[考点]动词不定式作定语。[考例]TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames____inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld[点拨]选D。根据in2008可知要用表将来的时态；the29thOlympicGames和hold之间是被动关系，故答案应选D。动词不定式被动语态作后置定语，表示将来和被动两重含义。2.AlthoughIhavefunwithmyonlinefriends,Iknowthatmyrealfriendsaremoreimportantthanmyonlinefriends.(P11)[考点]although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……；尽管……”。[考例]____hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although[点拨]选D。although引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然……”，本句句意为：虽然这位老工人在技术知识方面很有限，但他有丰富的经验。上下句子为转折关系。其他几个连词since（既然……），unless（除非），as（当……时；因为……）在此与句子的逻辑意义不符。考点点拨考例回顾1.[考点]动词不定式作主语。[考例]Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness______.A．tomakeB．tobemadeC．makingD．beingmade[点拨]选B。本题考查结构Ittakes/took(sb.)+一段时间+todosth.（某人）花费时间做某事。题中connection与make之间为动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。2.[考点]动词不定式作宾语。用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,fail,offer,prepare,refuse,seek,struggle,demand,decide,promise,determine,expect,intend,learn,manage,mean,prefer,pretend等。[考例]Chinahaspromisedtoreviseitsexistingregulationsand______newpoliciesaccordingtoWTOrequirements.A.formingB.toformC.tobeformingD.haveformed[点拨]选B。动词不定式toformnewpolicies和toreviseitsexistingregulations并列作promise的宾语。3.[考点]动词不定式作补足语。[考例]Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest______inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed[点拨]选C。tofollow为不定式短语作补语修饰therest。4.[考点]动词不定式作表语。[考例]Itremains______whetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee[点拨]选B。remain为系动词，后接不定式作表语。根据句子结构可知，it为形式主语，whether从句为真正的主语。根据句意“Jim是否适合打决赛还有待观望”可知应用不定式的被动语态。5.[考点]动词不定式作状语。[考例1]Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere______foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained[点拨]选D。作目的状语时用不定式而不用分词，故排除A、B两项；另外，he承受train这一动作，应用被动语态，故D项正确。[考例2]Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told[点拨]选B。onlyto表示意想不到的结果。不定式常表目的，但“only+不定式”则指出人意料的结果。句意为：他匆匆去了订票处，却被告知票已售光。6．[考点]不带to的动词不定式。[考例]—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob______youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing[点拨]选A。havesb.dosth.让某人做某事。D项表示动作正在进行，不符合句意。1.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner