新概念第一册知识点总结讲解

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新概念第一册知识点总结(全)名词名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。可数名词单数变复数规则:1)单数名词加2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es:wives,knives.但有些词只加s:5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es:Negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes.其它加s:6)不规则名词:foot→feet,goose→geese,tooth→teeth,child→children,man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,mouse→mice.代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirsI.人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语.Eg:a.I’manurse.b.Couldyouhelpme?II.物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用,后面不能再跟名词.Eg:a.Yourschoolissmall,mineisbig.(=myschool)b.Thisisnotyourpen.Yoursisonthedesk.(=yourpen)时态一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays…基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。Myfatherisadoctor.Tomisn’tathome.Aretheypolicemen?Ioftengetupat7o’clockeverymorning.Hedoesn’tlikeapples.Doyoualwaysreadbeforegoingtobed?WhatdoyouusuallydoonSundays?一般现在时句中,如果主语是第三人称时,动词要变第三人称单数,变化规则如下:1)一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s.例如:worksgetssaysreads2)以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。例如:goesteacheswashes3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加-es.例如:studiestriescarries特殊情况:动词have的第三人称单数是has。例如:Hehasaninterestingbook.二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,theotherday,longlongago,onceuponatime,….基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。Iwasatmymother’slastweek.Onceuponatime,therewasabeautifulgirlwhosenamewasSnowWhite.LucywenttoAmericafivemonthsago.Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight.DidLilydanceattheparty?Whatdidyoudoyesterday?动词的过去式变化:be动词:am/is-----wasare---were规则动词:1.直接在词尾加-ed。如:want—wanted,work—worked,need—needed,clean—cleaned2.以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked,live—lived,use—used,move—moved3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped,trip—tripped4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied,carry—carried,hurry—hurried,marry—married不规则动词:Have-hadeat-atedrink-drankgo-wentcome-camesee-sawhear-heardput-putcut-cut等等三、现在进行时:概念:表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,…基本结构:am/is/are+doing否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。Theyareplayingbasketballontheplayground.Iamnotreadinganything.Ishewaitingforthebus?Whatareyoudoingnow?动词ing形式的变化规则:1一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ingwork----workingsleep-----sleepingstudy-----studying2动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ingtake-----takingmake-----makingdance-----dancing3重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ingcut-----cuttingput-----puttingbegin------beginning4以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-inglie-----lyingtie-----tyingdie-----dying四、过去进行时:概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构:was/were+doing否定形式:was/were+not+doing.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。Iwaslisteningtotheradioat7thismorning.HewascleaningthecarwhenIarrived.Whatwashedoingatthistimeyesterday?五、现在完成时:概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语:already,just,yet,since…,for…,….基本结构:have/has+done否定形式:have/has+not+done.一般疑问句:have或has。Hehaslosthiswallet.Ihavealreadyhadmylunch.Davidhasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.Haveyouseenthisfilm?Maryhasbeenatranslatorfor20years.Theyhavelivedheresince1987.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?动词过去分词变化规则:规则动词:规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同,包括4条。1.直接在词尾加-ed。如:want—wanted,work—worked,need—needed,clean—cleaned2.以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked,live—lived,use—used,move—moved3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped,trip—tripped4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied,carry—carried,hurry—hurried,marry—married不规则动词:需要特殊记忆。Be动词-beenhave-hadgo-gonecome-comeeat-eatendrink-drunk等等六、过去完成时:概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。时间状语:before,after….基本结构:had+done.否定形式:had+not+done.一般疑问句:had放于句首。ThebushadalreadyleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.Hewenttotheparkafterhehadfinishedhiswork.七、一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,…基本结构:①am/is/aregoingto+do;②will+do.否定形式:①am/is/arenotgoingto+do;②willnot+do一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will提到句首。MyfamilyaregoingtoBeijingnextweek.Itisgoingtorain.Hewillbe11yearsoldnextyear.Wewillleaveintwohours.情态动词我们学过的情态动词有can,could,may,must,hadbetter,haveto情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面跟动词原形。Can1,表示能力,“能够…”Icanswimverywell.Hecan’tsingordance.2,表示请求,“可以…吗?”CanIhelpyou?Canyougivetheglasstome,please?Could1,can的过去式,表示过去的能力,“能够…”Hecouldclimbthemountain30yearsago,butnowhecan’t.2,表示请求,比can更加委婉客气,此时could非can的过去式。Couldyouhelpme,please?Couldyoubringthebooktome?CouldIborrowyourbike?May表示请求,比can稍加委婉客气。“可以…吗?”MayIcomein?MayIuseyourpen?Must1,表示“必须…”Imustgonow.Youmustfinishyourworkbeforeyouleavethecompany.2,mustn’t表示“禁止…”Kate,youmustn’tplaywiththeknife,becauseitistoodangerous.Youmustn’tsmokeintheclassroom.Hadbetter“最好…”否定形式:hadbetternotYouhadbetterputonmoreclothes.Itiscoldoutside.We’dbetterleaveatonce.Youhadbetternoteateggs.You’dbetternotgoouta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