高聚物成炭的阻燃作用

11LOI/%(PMMA)17.3(PE)17.4(PET)20.6(PC)25高聚物成炭的阻燃作用王永强(,,210006)介绍了高分子聚合物成炭对阻燃的作用机理、影响炭化的各种因素及促进炭化的添加剂。聚合物成炭阻燃作用1,(),LOI,40%～50%,LOI30。,LOI20。,,,。,、,。,。:。,,。,。LOI65%。,,,。,、、,,LOI。1LOI。1LOICCOOCH3CH3(CH2)nCH2CH2COOCOCH2CH2OnOCH3CH3COCOn20022(32)12(PAA)30(PPO)31(PSF)32(PF)35(PI)41(PPS)46～53续表1NHCCOONHNHNHnOCH3CH3nCH3CH3COSOOOnOHCH2CH2OHOHnCCNNCCOOOOnOSn2、2.1。。,。:、。:,,,,。,-PE,PELOI21%25%,(3)。,,。①700～850℃②C/Co,③BPA-PCBPC-PC:/%LOI/%C/Co②/%(POM)0.015.0(PP)0.017.0(PMMA)0.017.0(PS)0.018.0(PVAL)0.022.0(PBT)3.023.0BPA-PC③26.027.0(PVC)()23.945.096.2(PC)24.027.0(PPO)29.031.0(PSF)48.032.0(PI)()49.241.0BPC-PC③()54.056.0(PFA)54.431.090.5(PBI)()57.741.059.5(PF)60.435.076.42①LOICH3CH3OOCO;OOCOClCl20022(32)13PC,PC,PC。2.2。PE、PP、PC、。PS、、、、。:33.1,。65～90kcal/mol,C-H90～105kcal/mol。,,,:,(C-H85kcal/mol),。(),:,,。:。,。。B(OH)3NaOHOHOHnBOOOOnnNa+CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CHCH3+CH2CHCHCH2CH2OH+H3CHOSiOO～CH3～HOCH3OSi～～①-():LDPE100,4,3,1.5②5.08cm;SE()/%00.10.30.61.23.5LOI/%20.823.224.223.624.824.3②/min1.1SESESESESE3-PE①SiMe2Cl2LinnBuLiTMEDASiMe2ClnnHg(OCOCF3)2CF3COOHHg(OCOCF3)nOOBHCF3CO2HH2OnOOBnBHOOHSiMe2Cl2nOSiMe2ClnOHCH2CH+HCHCCHCHCH2CH2CH2CHCH2CH2-H2CH2CHCHCHCH-H2CHCHCHCH2CH2-H2CH2CH-H22.141(phenomenological)3.2,。,。VanKrevelen。,。LOI=(17.5+0.4CR)/100:CR—850℃(%),。。,H2O、CO2、CH4,。,。,,。,。1(polypyromellimide)。。。3.3,。20022(32)152.,。PVC,,。PVC:200～360℃HCl;360～500℃,,。。,(2--4-)(2--5-)C、H、ON。,HCl,。44.1Lewis,,Lewis。Lewis,。,。(2-),,,,(2-),,。(HCl),,,。,:、、、、:Liwis。。,,。Liwis。AlCl3/CuCl2,:,。,Liwis。Fe2O3//CuCl216。4.2,。,,。,。。PVCPVC/ABS。ABSPVC,。。。FeCl3,:,、。,,。,,。,;,,。。,,。,,,,。5×10-4Co2+、Zn2+K+,25%～30%。7%。,K+,,1200～900cm-1,1720～1550cm-1-。K2CO3,,PVA。。。4.3,,。,。。:。。,。。。(Na2B4O7·10H2O)(HBO3)3∶2。,,。,CHCH+HCl+FeCl3CH2FeCl3CHClCH2CH+-CH=CHFeCl4CH=CHCHCHH2CHCH2CCHHCHCCH+-FeCl4-FeCl4CH+20022(32)17。(NH4BrO8·4H2O)(APB)。APB,。。、、PVC、66。25%APB28%66。APB6。,APB6。6APB,APB,10%。APB。、,、。,。4.4。,。,。,。,。,,。PMMA()、PET,。,。。H2O、CO2CO,()。,,。(APP)(PU)。,,。P-O。N-H。APP。:5-。。2。PAN,。3。,,,,,。,。2.+H2NOC(CH2)5P(CH2)5CNHCNHOO+POOHOOPONH4OOONH4OO(CH2)5OOCO(CH2)5NHPn-NH3OPONH4OPOOHOOPONH4OOPONH4OOPOHO1821GrandArthurF,WilkiecharlesA..FireRetardancyofPolymericMaterials.Newyork:MarcelDekker.Inc.,20002张治华.苯乙烯系树脂的阻燃技术.塑料开发,2000(2):1337～13403欧育湘等.高分子阻燃材料.北京:国防工业出版社,20014彭治汉.高聚物阻燃新技术.合成树脂及塑料,1999(5):48～503PNAOPONH)m((CH2)5COOC(CH2)5NH2OONH4POOPOHOOOPONH)nCOOC(CH2)5NH2((CH2)5OOPO(CH2)5OO(CH2)5POOPOOOOPOCNHCO(CH2)5O(CH2)5COOCO(CH2)5NH2NH2CN-NH3,-H2O--20022(32)