高中定语从句详讲2014.ppt

定语从句认识定语一，定语(adj./ad.)单词短语名词We’llhavesomenewbookshops.形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句Heisagoodstudent.Thisisaboyfullofjoy.TheboyintheroomisTom.Ihaveachancetohelpothers.Thisisawritingdesk.Thechildrenliketheinterestingstories.Iknowtheboywhovisitedyou.TheboywhomyouvisitedisTom.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当句子成分。三，定语从句系统讲解1定语从句关系词分类1）关系代词thatwhowhomwhosewhichas2）关系副词whenwherewhy3）介词+which介词+whom介词+whose+名词=关系代词的用法引导定语从句的关系代词的用法：thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas1.）that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.指物作主语Thenoodles(that)Iateweredelicious.指物作宾语Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.指人作主语Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’sister.指人作宾语2.）Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.主语Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.宾语3.）whowhom在从句中分别作主语和宾语，代指人(口语中who也可作宾语)。TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.主语宾语宾语4.）whose在从句中作定语，指人或物MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.(whose=theteaher’s)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.(whose=theboy’s)主语Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.(whose=thebook’s)关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语（在whose)之前可以有介词思考:用whose时，前后词之间有什么关系，也可能等于什么？Iliveinthehousewhoseroofisred.Iliveinthehousetheroofofwhichisred.Iliveinthehouseofwhichtheroofisred.结论:whose表示所属关系,whose+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n2，关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词的用法：why,when,where关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when(=at/in/onwhich)表示时间的名词时间状语where(=in/atwhich)表示地点的名词地点状语why(=forwhich)reason原因状语1）.where表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后，它在定语从句中做地点状语Thisistheschoolwhere(=atwhich)Iusedtoteach.Whatisthenameofthetownwhere(=inwhich)westayedlastnight?2）.when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。Tellmethetimewhen(=atwhich)thetrainleaves.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)joinedthearmy.3）.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)helefthere.注：先行词表示时间、地点、原因时关系词不总是用whenwhere或why。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，就不能用whenwhere或why，而要用which或that。1.Hangzhouisacitywherethereisabeautifullake.Hangzhouisacitythat/whichhaveabeautifullake.2.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Istillremembertheday(that/which)wespenttogether.3.Thereasonwhyyouwerenotabletogotoschoolyesterdayisnotreasonable.Thereason(that/which)youexplainedtomeisnotreasonable.注：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,condition，stage和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where或inwhich引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。１．我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。I’vecometothepointwhere/inwhichIcan’tstandhim２．国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。Thecountryisinthesituationwhere/inwhichawarwillbreakoutatanytime.A、that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等不定代词修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。(5).当先行词既包括人又包括物时Theytalkedforabouthalfanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.(6)如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词引用which,另一个用that避免重复。Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.(7)主句是therebe结构，关系代词作主语的定语从句用that.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoFrank.(8)先行词为what,关系代词用that.Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome.(9)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.(10)当疑问句中含有特殊疑问词which或who时，关系代词用thatWhichisthecarthatismadeinChina?Whowasthemanthatshedancedwith?B、只能用which而不能用that的情况：1.当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.2.关系代词前面有介词时。Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.3.先行词为代词that/those或that/those所修饰时，只能用which。如：Idon’ttakethatwhichistooexpensive.A、用who(whom)而不用that的情形(1)在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who(whom)。如：Mysister,whoisstudyingabroad,sentmeabeautifulpresentjustbeforethisChristmas.(2)当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。如：Doyouknowthegirlinfrontoftheblackboardwhoisspeakingtothestudents?(3)当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。如：Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease.(4)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，只能用who(whom)。如：Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.。(5)先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：Themanwhocamehereyesterdaysaidhewouldcomeagaininafewdays.(6)在therebe句型中名词的定语从句多用who(whom)。Therearestudentsinourclasswho/whomyouhavemet.(7)当句子用有两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的先行词为that，另一个定语从名的先行词必定为who。TheboythatyoumetjustnowisLiMing’sbrotherwhojustgraduatedfromsuniversity.B、用that而不用who(whom)的情形(1)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromShandong.(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：Heistheonlystudentthatsaid“no”totheteacher.(3)当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如：Whoiswomanthatyoutalkedwithjustnow?(4)thesame…as与thesame…thatthesame…as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；thesame…that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：SheiswearingthesamecoatthatIlostafewdaysago.SheiswearingthesamecoatasIlostafewdaysago.四，限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表达。）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可以用关系代词that引导可以省略（that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的