高考英语短文改错常见错误类型

1高考英语短文改错常见错误类型1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。2、名词的数与格的误用。3、主谓不一致的错误。学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性。4、代词的指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一。代词的人称可分为第一、二、三人称和非人称；代词的数分为单数和复数；代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词；代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性。5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式，还有上下文的时态呼应，主从句的时态一致。6、非谓语动词的误用。非谓语动词的难点主要体现在V—ing形式和过去分词的用法区别、V—ing形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用。7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词，作表语说明主语的性质、特征；而副词的作用较复杂，常常修饰形容词、副词、介词短语、动词或全句。形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象：①省略不当；②自身比较；③修饰语的误用；④than连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行。8、关联词语的误用。关联词分并列连词and，but，or，so，when等，从属连词——各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识，还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是：①and，but，or，so等之间的混用；②because与so并用；③although与but并用；④why与because并用；⑤come与go混用；⑥here与there混用。9、平行结构的误用。平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容。平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行。在平行结构中常用的并列连词有and，but，or，than等。10、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。多或少的词语，常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记to等，不过有时也可能是实义词。在短文改错中常出现repeatback，servefor等错误。这类错误大多由于学生受汉语表达习惯的影响，或对英语词义的理解不够准确造成的。11、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词，有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。1.动词时态和语态每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。（1）（2003全国卷）Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywas...84.read（and连接并列谓语）（2）（2004江苏卷）AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmyself...83.apologized（and连接并列谓语）（3）（2004全国卷）Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,...82.talk（根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时）（4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.85.took（把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时）（5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthattheycanearnmoney.77.is（从上下文判断，应该是现在时，谓语用is）（6）（2005江苏卷）WenamedhimJackandkeephimforaboutthreeyears.76.kept（and连接并列谓语）【好题调研】1.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.Imetherseveraltimes.2.Afterthedrive,itwascostjustover￡2toputthecarbackintoperfectcondition.3.AlltheticketshadsoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.4.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinthecitysince1990.5.Theteachercaughtmecheating.Idon'tknowwhattosay.6.Hardlydidthedoctorgonetobedwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.7.Theharderyouwillwork,thebetterresultsyouwillhave.8.Yesterdaywewereplayingbasketballwhiletheyareplayingfootball.9.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butIamnotinvited.10.Idon’tthinkshe’llbeupset,butI’llseeherincaseshedoes.答案与解析：1.met前加have。2.去掉was。3.had后加been。4.去掉been。5.don't→didn’t。6.did→had。7.去掉第一个will。8.are→were。9.am→was。10.does→is。【强化闯关】1.Everypossiblemeanshastried,butnoneprovessuccessful.2.Weweretoldnottogothatwaybecausethebridgewasrepaired.3.ThepenIthoughtIlostisonmydesk,rightundermynose.4.IspenttwoweeksinParislastyear.Hadyougonetherebefore?5.I'mreallydiscouraged,Ididn'texpecttherewillbesomuchtroubleinfindingajobhere.6.IhavebeenstudyingcomputerforseveralyearsandIstillhave.7.LastSunday,hewenttothelibrary,borrowingtwobooksandthenleft.8.Neithersidewaswillingtogiveinatall,asaresultnoagreementhasreached.9.MrWhiteworksasalawyernow,buthehasworkedinacompanyforseveralyears.10.Shewassointerestedinthebookthatshereaditforthreehoursbeforesherealizedit.11.WhenIsawhersmilingface,Iknewsheiswritinggoodnewsofherdaughter.212.Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyouwillwritetome.13.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.Youwerewearingyoursweaterinsideout.14.IknowMr.Brown;weareintroducedtoeachotherataninternationalconference.15.Iwanttobuythatkindofclothbecausetheclothiswasheswell.答案与解析：1.has后加been。2.was后加being。3.lost前加had。4.Had→Have。5.will→would。6.第二个have→am。7.borrowing→borrowed。8.has→was。9.去掉has。10.read前加had。11.is→was。12.去掉will。13.第二个were→are。14.are→were。15.去掉is。2.名词单复数（1）单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。（1）（2003全国卷）Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.85.words（是把word改为words还是把were改为was，根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。）（2）（2004江苏）thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.85.months（several修饰复数名词）（3）（2004全国卷Ⅰ）afewminuteontheInternet.77.minutes（afew修饰复数名词）（4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）Butoneandahalfyearlater.79.years（oneandahalf意思为一年半，故判断此处year应为复数形式）（5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）Thereareadvantageforstudentstowork...76.advantages（从thereare判断应该用名词复数）【好题调研】1.Pleasereadtheinstructioncarefullybeforeusingthemedicine.2.It'ssuchanimportantinformationthatweshouldreportittotheheadmasteratonce．3.AretheygoingtohaveapicniconChildrensDay?4.Tomysurprised,Ifoundwehavemuchincommoninourtaste.5.Therearefiveshoestochoosefrom,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.6.TheNewYorkTimesarereadallovertheUnitedStates.7.Thepoliceissearchingthecityforathief.8.DuringmystayinLondonIvisitedmanyplacesofinterests.9.Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese,English,andphysics.10.Itakeaquickatsomeoftheheadlineonthefrontpage.答案与解析：1.instruction→instructions。2.去掉冠词an。3.Childrens→Children’s。本题考查复数名词所有格的用法。children本身是复数名词，其所有格应加’s，类似地，Women’sDay,Teachers’Day,Nurses’Day等。4.surprised→surprise。5.shoes前加pairsof。6.are→is。7.is→are。8.interests→interest。9.subject→subjects。10.headline→headlines。【强化闯关】1.WepracticethreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.2.Carryyourvaluablewithyou,yourmoney,jewelry,cameraandsoon.3.Themajorityofdoctorsbelievessmokingisharmfultohealth.4.Afteroneyearhardwork,theSeniorThreestudentshavealreadypreparedthemselvesfortheentranceexamination.5.TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirsttimevisittoanAmericanfamily.6.Thati