学习目标1.宾语从句的定义和用法。2.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句3.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句4.由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,也可理解为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。自主学习•1.学生先阅读《学英语》报上的第二版“宾语从句考点归纳”,并完成后面的有关练习。•2.学生完成后,教师展示正确结果。合作探究•学生通过阅读和练习,初步了解宾语从句的用法。并小组讨论有关用法。点拨升华------宾语从句专题一、宾语从句的概念:当宾语可以用一个单词或短语表达时,我们就直接把该单词或短语置于动词后面作宾语,宾语一般由名词、动名词、代词或动词不定式来充当。如:Ihaveabook.Myfatherboughtit.Ilikereadingthebook.Iwanttorememberit.但是,如果要表达“我知道你已经写完作业了”,就无法用一个单词来表达“你写完作业了”,是一个完整的句子,只能用句子表达,即:Iknow(that)youhavefinishedyourhomework.这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子,就叫作宾语从句。1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句2.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,也可理解为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。二、引导词(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句that在句中没有词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,只是使读者清楚后面的句子是前面动词的宾语,在口语当中往往省略。一般情况下,当陈述句做宾语时用that引导。eg.1.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.(一小时后他会回来)2.Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch.(他非常想念我们)3.Ihope(that)theywillhaveagoodtime.(他们将会玩得开心)(2)由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句whether/if本身作“是否”讲,如果我们要表达一个不确定的概念,就要用whether/if来引导一个从句。一般情况下,如果宾语是一般疑问句,就要换成由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。whether和if常常可以互换,但是,当从句后面有ornot的话,就只能使用whether构成“whether…ornot”的结构。注:whether/if后面的句子要用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。eg.1.他问我们周日是否去钓鱼。Heaskswhether/ifwewillgofishingonSunday.在这句话中,“周日我们去钓鱼吗”是一个一般疑问句的含义,所以转换成宾语从句时用whether/if引导。2.Tom不知道李明明天会不会来。Tomdoesn’tknowwhether/ifLiMingwillcometomorrow.在这句话中,“李明明天来吗”是一般疑问句的含义,所以转换成宾语从句时用whether/if引导。注意一下情况只用whether,不用if。1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用。如:Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.2.当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。如:Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.Ifitistrueornot,Ican’ttell.•3.whether可以引导带to的不定式。如:–Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.–Idon’tknowiftoacceptorrefuse.•4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。如:–IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.–IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.当堂训练11.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow________Peter______hereyesterday.2.IsLinglingastudent?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow____________________________.3.我不知道明天是否会下雨。Idon’tknow_____________________________.4.李明问我周日是否去北京。LiMingasks__________________________________.5.老师问我们是否写完了作业。Teacherasks______________________________________.whether/ifcamewhether/ifLinglingisastudentwhether/ifitwillraintomorrowwhether/ifIwillgotoBeijingonSundaywhether/ifwehavefinishedourhomework(3)由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如果遇到什么时间、什么地点、什么方式、什么原因之类的问句时,我们就要使用相应的疑问词来连接从句。也就是说,当宾语是特殊疑问句时,就要用相应的疑问词来引导。在疑问词引导的从句中,一定要用陈述语序。eg.1.Ididn’thearwhathewantedmetodo.2.Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.3.Tomaskeduswhenwewouldstarttheparty.4.Canyoutellmewhereheis?5.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?注意这些例句中的陈述语序。把一个特殊疑问句放在宾语从句中,我们要做好两步:1.移。就是把特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词移到句子中来;2.变。就是把特殊疑问词后面的一般疑问句变为陈述句语序。e.g.HowcanIgettothestation?Idon’tknow.首先,我们把主句找出来,即:Idon’tknow.那么接下来是我不知道什么呢?后面就需要一个宾语从句,而后面的句子是以特殊疑问词How来引导,所以,第一步疑问词移下来变为:Idon’tknowhow…第二步看剩下的部分:canIgettothestation?是一个一般疑问句,要改成陈述句,即把主语放到前面:Icangettothestation.加到前面的句子上。那么这句话就变成了:Idon’tknowhowIcangettothestation.当堂训练21.WhereisTonyfrom?Idon’tknow.___________________________________________2.HowoldisLingling?MissLiwantstoknow.__________________________________________3.Whenwillmyfathercomeback?Ican’ttellyou.___________________________________________4.Whereisthebusstop?Theforeignerasks.______________________________________________5.Whichistherightanswer?Canyoutellme?________________________________________________6.WheredoesTonycomefrom?Icanguess.__________________________________________________Idon’tknowMissLiwantstoknowIcan’ttellyouTheforeignerasksCanyoutellmewhereTonyisfrom.howoldLinglingis.whenmyfatherwillcomeback.wherethebusstopis.whichistherightanswer.IcanguesswhereTonycomesfrom.三、宾语从句中的时态1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。eg.Weknow(that)Mrs.ChenteachesEnglish.Idon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedhishomework.2.主句是过去时,宾语从句一般只能用过去的某种时态eg.IsaidIwasreadingabookatthatmoment.Hewasn’tsurewhetherSallywouldcomeornot.3.当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,宾语从句仍然用现在时态。eg.Hetoldtheboythattheearthgoesaroundthesun.1.Youaregrowingsofast.Canyoutellme__________?A.howfastareyouB.howfastyouareC.howtallareyouD.howtallyouare2.Idon’tknow_______shecomesornot.A.ifB.whetherC.whereD.how3.Canyoutellmehow________RadioBeijing?A.gettoB.togetC.IcangettoD.canIgetto4.Daviddoesn’tknow_____forGuangzhou,becausethebosshasn’tdicidedwhotogo.A.whenhewillleaveB.whenwillheleaveC.ifheleavesD.ifhewillleave5.–YoucanuseMSNtotalkwithVivienontheInternet.--Iknow.Butcanyoutellme_________.A.whenIcanuseitB.whatIcanuseitC.whycanIuseitD.howcanIuseit6.TomaskedMike______.A.wheredidheliveB.wherehelivedC.wheredoesheliveDBCDAB当堂训练37.Shesaid,“Icanmendit.”Shesaid________________mendit.8.我不知道他是否病了。Idon’tknow____________________.9.我问他这是什么。Iaskedhim_________________.10.你能告诉我你来自哪里吗?Canyoutellme_______________________.11.我不知道谁要来。Idon’tknow________________.12.你知道萨莉到了没有?Doyouknow_________Sally______________?13.Wheredidyoubuyyourcomputer?Doyouremember?Doyouremember_______you________yourcomputer?14.Sheasks,Whydidtheydoit?”Shewantstoknow________________it.15.DoesMrGreenlikelivinginChina?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellme__________MrGreen______livinginChina.thatshecouldwhether/ifheisillwhatthiswaswhereyouar