As/though引导让步状语从句一、名词+as/though+主语+动词Kingashewas,hewasunhappy.他虽是国王,但他并不幸福。Childasheis,heknowstohelpother.他虽是个孩子,但却知道帮助别人。Teacherthoughheis,hecan’tknoweverything.他虽然是老师,但也不可能什么都懂。【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外,要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词,即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较:Boyas[though]heis,helikestoplaywithgirls.=Though[Although]heisaboy,helikestoplaywithgirls.他虽是男孩,却喜欢与女孩子玩。Strongmanas[though]heis,GeneralBothahasbeenseverelyputtothetestduringthepastfewweeks.=Though[Although]heisastrongman,GeneralBothahasbeenseverelyputtothetestduringthepastfewweeks.波赛将军虽然坚强,但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。二、形容词+as/though+主语+动词Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.他虽然成功,但不骄傲。Improbableasitseems,it’strue.虽然看起来不太可能,但却是真的。Stupidasitsounds,IwassoinlovewithherthatIbelievedher.尽管听起来很愚蠢,我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。Patientashewas,hedidn’tlikewaitingthatlong.他虽说有耐心,也不愿等这么长。Beautifulthoughthenecklacewas,wethoughtitwasover-priced.那条项链虽然很漂亮,我们认为价钱太高。【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。三、副词+as/though+主语+动词MuchasIlikeParis,Icouldn’tlivethere.尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里。Hardthoughtheytried,theycouldn’tmakeherchangehermind.尽管他们做了很大努力,却没法让她改变主意。Fastasyouread,youcan’tfinishthebookintwodays.尽管你读得很快,你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。Hewasunabletomakemuchprogress,hardashetried.尽管他做了努力,却未能取得很大进步。【说明】有的词典将muchas作为习语看待,认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如:MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.他作为一名作家我很佩服他,但我却不喜欢他这个人。MuchasIlikeyou,Icouldn’tlivewithyou.我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活。四、动词原形+as/though+主语+动词Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.纵使你反对,我也要去。Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.尽管他想方设法,却未解决这个问题。Searchastheywould,theywouldfindnobodyinthehouse.无论怎样搜查,他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Dislikehimaswemay,wemustacknowledgehisgreatness.尽管我们不喜欢他,但必须承认他的伟大。LosemoneyasIdid,wegotalotofexperience.钱虽然丢了,我们却得到了许多经验。Failintheelectionashedid,hebecamefamousforhisfieryspeechagainstslavery.尽管落选了,但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。【说明】主语后的动词通常为may,might,would,did等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义,则选用情态动词;若陈述事实,则用did,do等助动词)。五、分词+as/though+主语+动词Raininghardasitis,I’mgoingoutforawalk.虽然正在下着大雨,我还是要出去散步。Surroundedaswewerebytheenemy,wemanagedtomarchforward.虽然我们被敌人包围着,但我们还是设法前进了。Munchingtheappleashewas,hehadgotaneyeforallJohn’smovements.他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果,但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。【三条补充说明】1.这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as,though来引导,但不能用although来引导;但是,未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though,although来引导,而不能用as来引导。也就是说,although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装,as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装,而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如:虽然很晚了,但我们还是继续工作。正:Lateas[though]itwas,westillwentonworking.正:Though[Although]itwaslate,westillwentonworking.误:Latealthoughitwas,westillwentonworking.误:Asitwaslate,westillwentonworking.2.上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因,区别的办法主要看句子的内容:让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反,而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较:Tiredashewas,hesatuplatestudyingatnight.昨晚他虽然很疲倦了,但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步)Tiredashewas,hewenttobedearly.因为很累,所以他睡得很早。(表原因)Youngashewas,hewasequaltothetask.他虽年轻,却能胜任这项工作。(表让步)Youngashewas,hewasnotequaltothetask.他因为年轻,所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因)3.在美国英语中,人们通常用as…as引导让步状语从句。如:Coldasitwas,wewentout.=Ascoldasitwas,wewentout.尽管天气冷,我们还是出去了。Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.=Assuccessfulasheis,heisnotproud.他虽成功了,但不骄傲。as可引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然、尽管”,但要用部分倒装结构,形式如下:1.形容词+as+主语+系动词。如:Tiredasheis,heofferstohelpme.尽管他已经很累了,他还是主动提出帮助我。2.过去分词+as+主语+系动词。如:Well-writtenasthebookis,theauthorisnotsatisfiedandpreparedtoreviseit.尽管这本书写得很好,作者还是不满意并打算修改它。3.名词+as+主语+系动词。如:Studentasheis,hedoesnotstudyhard.他虽然是个学生,却不努力学习。4.副词+as+主语+谓语部分。如:MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkheactedwisely.我虽然崇拜他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不明智的。5.动词原形+as+主语+谓语的另一部分(情态动词或助动词may,might,will,would等)。如:Tryasyouwill,youwon’tbeabletopersuadehim.不管你怎么努力,你都说服不了他。【考例1】_____,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho’sascapableasJohn.(上海2001)A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch【考例2】_____,Carolinacouldn’tgetthedooropen.(广东2005)A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.MightsheastryKey:1.C2.Athough,although注意:当有though,although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用Althoughit‘sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain.伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。(谚语)典型例题1)___sheisyoung,sheknowsquitealot.A.WhenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless答案:C。意为虽然她很年轻,却知道许多。2)as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.注意:a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems…虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3)everif,eventhough.即使We’llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.4)whether…or-不管……都Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5)“nomatter疑问词”或“疑问词后缀ever”Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.替换:nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however注意:nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。(错)Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.(对)Whateveryousayisofnousenow.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whateveryousay是主语从句)(错)Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey‘regiven。(对)Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。