Youcannotimproveyourpast,butyoucanimproveyourfuture.Oncetimeiswasted,lifeiswasted.你不能改变你的过去,但你可以让你的未来变得更美好。一旦时间浪费了,生命就浪费了。1598719169801第1页共7页1定语从句导学案ClassSenior1,Name学习内容:Thegrammaronpage43-44学习目标:1)明确定语和定语从句2)区分和运用关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句学习方法:预习独学,课堂合作探究。教师作必要之讲解。学案使用方法:先依案独学,再在老师的引导下进行理解和运用。【自主探究】什么是定语和定语从句?定语就是对句子中的名词或代词进行修饰或限定的成分。根据所学,相信你能找到系列句子中的定语,请在它们下面划线。(定语常可以翻译为“…的”)1)Hissisterisabeautifulgirlinafamouscollege.2)ThestudentreadingbythewindowisfromLondon.3)Wehavemuchhomeworktodo.可见,以上句子中的定语是单词或者短语,这是我们很熟悉的。那么下边这个句子有定语吗?Theteacherwhodevotesallhislifetoteachingloveshisstudentsverymuch.主句是。剩下的是。剩下部分与主句中的theteacher是什么关系呢?.【发现】不难发现,who引导的句子(“献身于教育事业的”)修饰theteacher,可见句子也能作定语,我们称之为定语从句。它依附于主句,仅仅是整个句子的定语而已。【应用】:判断下列句子分别带有什么样的从句:1.Hetoldmethathemissedhistrainlastweek.2.Hetoldtheboywhothecarhitthatthedriverhadbeencaught.前为,后为【合作探究】1定语从句的相关要素及其关系(要有耐心,安静而用心地看和理解!)1.定语从句三要素极其功能:(可以请老师举例说明!)①先行词:(被修饰词),往往位于定语从句之前,也可以说在关系词前。②关系词:具有连接功能----连接主句和定语从句;代替功能----代替从句中所缺部分,在句中做成分;③定语从句所缺部分。关系词之后的部分一定有所缺,即成分不全,意思不完整。2.三要素之间的关系:先行词=关系词=定语从句中所缺部分。(主要是意义上的相等)说明:定语从句中所缺成分并不是真的缺了,而是被关系词替代了。如:Theteacherwhodevotesallhislifetoteachingloveshisstudentsverymuch.句中先行词Theteacher=关系词who=定语从句所缺主语。所以理解这个句子时,可以根据这个关系将其拆分为Theteachersloveshisstudentsverymuch.和Theteacherdevotesallhislifetoteaching.又比如:Hetoldtheboywhothecarhitthatthedriverhadbeencaught.句中先行词theboy=关系词who=定语从句中hit后所缺宾语。所以可以拆分为Hetoldtheboythatthedriverhadbeencaught.和Thecarhittheboy.【发现】:要更好理解定语从句,可依据以上关系将先行词放回定语从句,使之完整。【应用】:以Activity1onPage43句子为例,识别先行词、关系词、定语从句中所缺词,并将这些句子拆分为两个单句,依据三要素的等量关系进行翻译。【合作探究】2定语从句的分类第一类:.关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句:依据先行词的类属(人或事物)和定语从句所缺成分(看关系词后面的部分)来确定的(两大因素,缺一不可!)。切记:what绝不能引导定语从句,它与定语从句无关。1.关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词主要包括五个:who,whom,whose.which,that,◆先行词是人,定从缺主语,用关系代词who/thatThemanwho/thatwasherewasapainter.(先行词是人,定从缺主语)◆先行词是人,定语从句缺宾语,用关系代词who/whom/that均可。I’dneverseenthepersonwho/whom/thattheyinvited.(先行词是人,定语从句中invited后缺宾语)◆先行词是事物,定从缺主语、宾语、表语,都可以使用which/that如:We’llgetridofthetingsthat/whichareoldandbroken.(先行词为事物,定语从句缺主语)Thisisthebookthat/whichI’mlookingfor.(先行词为事物,定语从句缺宾语)◆先行词不论人、物,只要定语从句缺定语“。。。的”,统统使用whoseI’llmakefriendswiththeladywhosesisterrunsacompany.(先行词是人,定从缺定语thelady’s)Youcannotimproveyourpast,butyoucanimproveyourfuture.Oncetimeiswasted,lifeiswasted.你不能改变你的过去,但你可以让你的未来变得更美好。一旦时间浪费了,生命就浪费了。1598719169801第2页共7页2Wearecleaningthewindowswhoseglassisbroken.(先行词是物,定从缺定语thewindows’)【拓展归纳】:which6忌说明:关系词是事物,定语从句缺主、宾、表时,本来which/that都可以,但以下情况只用that.●先行词是不定代词或被不定代词所修饰no,nothing,some,something,any,anything,every,everything,little,few,one,much,all等。【应用】:选择正确的关系代词:Thatisallwhich/thatIwanttosay.●先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级所修饰。【应用】:选择正确的关系代词:Thisisthebestfilmwhich/thatIhaveeverseen.●先行词是序数词或被其修饰。【应用】:选择正确的关系代词:Thefirstplacewhich/thattheyvisitedwasGuilin.●先行词人、物并存时。【应用】:选择正确的关系代词:Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonswhich/thattheyremembed.●先行词前有thevery,theonly时。【应用】:选择正确的关系代词:Thisistheverybookwhich/thatIwanttobuy.●主句主语是who,which时。【应用】:选择正确的关系代词:Whichisthechairwhich/thatbelongstoyou?【规律揭示】定语从句主干不完整,主要指缺主语、宾语、表语时,要考虑关系代词。你也可以参考下边的表格进行理解:关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语表语Who√√√whom√√which√√√√√that√√√√√whose√√√2.关系副词引导的定语从句(关系副词是三个:where,when,why)◆先行词是时间名词:定语从句缺时间状语,即“当(在)。。。的时候”,关系词为when/介+which,Itwas1942when/inwhichhekilledaJapanese.(定语从句缺时间状语in1942,“在1942年”)但是即使先行词是地点名词,如定语从句缺表地点的主语、宾语时,关系词则为that/which.Itwas1942which/thathecouldn’tforgetallhislife.(定语从句缺宾语,“forget1942”)◆先行词是地点名词时,定语从句缺地点状语,即“在。。。(地方)”,关系词为where/介+whichWearrivedinBeijingwhere/inwhichwewouldliveforalongtime.(定从缺inBeijing,“在北京“)但是,即使先行词是地点名词,如定语从句缺表地点的主、宾语时,关系词为that/which.WearrivedinBeijingwhich/thatisthecapitalofChina.(定从缺主语“北京”)◆先行词是reason,表示“做事情”的原因,关系词为why/forwhichHedidn’ttellusthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaspunished.(Hewaspunishedforthereason.)但是,即使先行词是thereason,如定语从句缺主语或宾语,关系词要用which/thatIbelievedthereasonthat/whichhetoldmelastnight.(定从缺宾语thereason;Hetoldmethereason)【特别提示】可见,先行词是表时间、地点、或thereason时,关系词并不一定是用when,where或why,还是要关注先行词的性质和定语从句缺少什么成分。这一点是学习定语从句的关键所在。【规律揭示】定语从句的主干如果完整,应该考虑关系副词。你也可以参考下边的表格进行理解:关系副词指代先行词所充当成分when时间时间名词状语where地点地点名词状语why原因reason状语【应用】:1.完成Page44的Activity2—4.2.Activity3onPage91.合句练习(将两个句子合成含有宾语从句的主从复合句)Youcannotimproveyourpast,butyoucanimproveyourfuture.Oncetimeiswasted,lifeiswasted.你不能改变你的过去,但你可以让你的未来变得更美好。一旦时间浪费了,生命就浪费了。1598719169801第3页共7页31.Idon’tliketheweather.Itisrainy.。2.Allofthemsawthedogandtheboy.Theywerewalkinginthestreettogether.。3.Ican’tpayforthecomputer.Itcostsalot.4.Wevisitedthecity.Tomwasbornthere.5.IamgettingreadyforNovember.Thismonthisverycold.拆句练习(将句子拆分为两个完整的简单句)1.Theboywhosemotherdidn’tknowthetruthhadbeenkilledintheaccident.。2.Anybodywhorefusedtobowwasthrownintoprisonwithouttrial.。3.Youaretheonlyoneofthefamilywhohasreceivededucation.。4.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenweoncestayedtogether.。5.Asisknowntoeverybody,lighttravelsfasterthansound.。3.特殊定语从句:(特殊现象特别留心!)◆先行词是theway,定语从句缺状语intheway表“做事情”的方式,关系词为that/inwhich/或者省略。Ihatethewaythat/inwhich//hetreatspeople.“他待人的方式”(Hetreatspeopleintheway.)但是,如先行词是theway,定语从句缺主语或宾语theway,而不是缺状语intheway,则用which/that.Thewaythat/whichtheoldmanusedwasofgreatuse.(theoldmanusedtheway.缺宾