GIS专业英语.ppt

•IncreasetheabilityofusingEnglishtoreadprofessionalbooks•ImprovetheuseofEnglishinthecapacityofprofessionalandacademicexchanges•GraspthethreadsandtrendsofthesameprofessionaldevelopmentabroadTeachingPurposesandFocusonCoursesTeachingMethodandPeriodArrangement•Blackboardteaching•multimedia•Classroomdiscussion32PeriodAssessmentmethods•Attendance+Classroomperformance30%•Classroomdiscussion40%•Theassignments30%PartⅠTheBasicConceptofGISChapterOutline▫Points1WhatIsGIS?▫Points2ComponentsofGIS▫Points3GISFunctioncomponents▫Points4ABriefHistoryofGIS▫Points5RelationshipofGIStootherfieldsPoints1WhatIsGIS?•Computersystemfor▫capturing▫storing▫querying▫analyzing▫anddisplayinggeographicallyreferenceddata.Figure1GISsystemDatasourceRealWorldSpatialDatabaseUserGISsystemCapturingSpatialdataSpatialdataInputSpatialdataManagementDecisionSupportSolveSpatiallyReferencedProblemsGeographicallyReferencedData•Alsocalledgeospatialdata•DescribebothlocationsandcharacteristicsofspatialfeaturesNote:AbilitytoprocessgeographicallyreferenceddatadistinguishesGISfromotherinformationsystems.GeographicallyReferencedData•1.SpatialData•2.AttributeData•3.JoiningSpatialandAttributeData1.SpatialData•Describeslocation•Coordinatesystem•Mapprojection2.AttributeData•Characteristicsofspatialfeatures-Non-spatialattributesofthosefeatures3.JoiningSpatialandAttributeData•Relationaldatabase▫Georelationaldatamodel▫Object-baseddatamodelPoints2ComponentsofaGISPeopleHardwareSoftwareDataMethodsFigure2ComponentsofGIS•1.Hardware:Includingvarioushardwaredevices,thematerialfoundationtoachievesystemfunctions.•2.Software:ComputerSystemtoSupportdatacollection,storage,processing,andanswertheusers’question.•3.SpatialData:Theobjectofanalysisandprocessing,Constituteabasisfortheapplication.•4.People:GISClients,dividedintogeneralusersandseniorusersintheestablishment,maintenance,managementandrenewalofGIS.PrinterMonitorPlotterScannerDigitalizingInstrumentMappingAnalysisInstrumentSurveyingInstrumentGPSHOSTStorageDevicesNetworkFigure3GISHardware1.HardwareTheheartofthesystemfortheimplementationofthevariousoperationsofGISfunctions,includingdatainput,processing,databasemanagement,spatialanalysisandgraphicaluserinterface(GUI).Inaccordancewithitsfunction,Itisdividedinto:(1)GISProfessionalSoftware.(2)DatabaseSoftware.(3)SystemsManagementSoftware,etc.Withitshierarchicalstructurebelow:2.SoftwareHardwareGISGUIGISDatabaseOperatingSystemGISPlatformSoftwareGISApplicationSoftwareFigure4HierarchicalSurctureofGISSoftware(1)GISProfessionalSoftwareGenerallyreferstocommonGISsoftwarewithavarietyoffunctions,whichcontainsVariousadvancedfeaturesdealingwithgeographicalinformation.Itcanbeusedasaplatformforotherapplicationsystem.Representativeproducts:NameDevelopmentUnitsARC/INFOUnitedStatesEnvironmentalSystemsResearchInstitute（ESRI）MapInfoUnitedStatesMapInfoCorporationGeoMediaUnitedStatesINTERGRAPH(鹰图)CorporationTitanGISCanadaApolloTechnologyGroup,BeijingOrientalTitanTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Abroad:Domestic:NameDevelopmentUnitsMAPGISChinaUniversityofGeosciencesFacultyofInformationEngineering,WUHANZHONGDIInformationEnginerringCo.,Ltd.GeoStarWudaGeoinformaticsCo.,Ltd.SuperMapGISBeijingSuperMapGISTechnologies,Inc.GeoBeansBeijingZhongYaoDiWangInformationTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Representativeproducts:Generallycontainthefollowingcoremodules:DatainputandeditSpatialdatamanagementDataoutputUserinterfaceAbilitytodevelopasecondarysystem(2)DatabaseSoftwareESRIPersonaldatabase(mdb)SDE(sdefororacle|mysql|sqlserver)OraclespatialMysqlspatialPostgreSQL+PostGIS(3)SystemManagementSoftware•Windows•UNIX•LinuxWindows39.1%Unix38.6%Linux11.7%Others10.6%全球服务器端操作系统市场份额(按销售收入)Points3FunctionalElementsDataAcquisitionandEditingDatastorageandmanagementDataprocessingandtransformationSpatialAnalysisandStatisticsPruductProducingandDisplayingSecondaryDevelopmentandProgrammingResourceManagementRegionalPlanningHomelandmonitoringAidedDecisionGISFunctionFundamentalFunctionApplicationFunctionPoints4ABriefHistoryofGISThedevelopmentofGISdependsonthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,especiallythedevelopmentofcomputergraphics.GISgerminatedintheearly1960s,bytheCanadaRogerF.TomlinsonandtheUnitedStatesDuaneF.Marbleindifferentplacesfromdifferentangles.Theformeraimedatlanduse,establishedtheCanadaGeographicInformationSystem(CGIS)atCanadaLandSurveyBureau,whilethelatterresearchonlarge-scaleurbantransportattheNorthwesternUniversityoftheUnitedStates,andproposedtheestablishmentofGISsoftwaresystemsthinking.SeeingfromGISdevelopmenthistory,advancestoahigherleveleverydecade:•1960s：Pioneeringstageofdevelopment.Computer-aidedMapping,andAnalysisofOperator•1970s：Consolidationphase.Largecapacity,graphicalHCI(Human-ComputerInteraction)•1980s：Breakthroughstage.MicrocomputerGISsoftwareproducts,applicationextended.•1990s：Socializationstage.Spatialinformationindustry,WebGIS•21thCentury：SpatialInformationInfrastructure(SII).DigitalCity,DigitalEarthPoints5RelationshipofGIStootherfieldsTheHighlyIntegrated3STechnologyTheintegratedapplicationsofGPS,GISandRS,constituteawhole,real-timeandd