英语词汇学课件-Unit-10

UNIT10HISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTOFENGLISHVOCABULARYContents英语词汇的谱系关系1英语词汇三个发展阶段的特点2英语词汇的各种词源成分3英语词汇的发展原因、途径和前景4TowerofBabel美国萨默语言学研究所1999.02：51,1；500,100；1500,1000；3000,10000；5000,100000.96%，4%Introduction10.1FamilyTreeofEnglishTypologicalclassification:theclassificationoflanguagesintotypes,especiallybysetsofsimilaritiesaslogicallyorotherwiseconnected.Geneticclassification:theclassificationoflanguagesaccordingtotheirpresumeddevelopmentfromcommonancestors.Sino-Tibetan,Indo-European,Semito-Hamitic,Bantu,Uralic,Altaic,Malayo-Polynesian,Indian,etc.family:Agroupoflanguagesthathavedevelopedfromasingleancestor.Familytree/Stammbaummodelparentlanguage,daughterlanguage(wavemodel:likethewavescausedbystonesdroppedintodifferentplacesinapool.)family,group,branchPositionofEnglishlanguage10.2PeriodsofdevelopmentOldEnglish/Anglo-SaxonPeriod(450-1100)MiddleEnglishPeriod(1100-1500)ModernEnglishPeriod(1500-)10.3Nativewordsandloanwords10.3.1Nativewordsbasicwordstock:全民性，稳定性，能产性，多义性，搭配性nativewords:在文体上是中性的，在使用上是频繁的10.3.2LoanwordsfromFrenchOldFrench(同化，assimilated)/ModernFrenchEx.P311-610.3.3LoanwordsfromLatinandGreekEx.P312-710.3.4Scandinavianelement10.3.5OtherEuropeanelements10.3.6LoanwordsfromChineseEx.P318-1510.4Latestdevelopment10.4.1Majorreasonsfordevelopment10.4.2Waysofformingnewwordscoinagewordformationoldwordsacquiringnewmeaningsborrowing(accordingtoassimilationdegree)•denizen:cup(cuppa),change(changier)•alien:décor,kowtow,statusquo,intermezzo,czar•translationloan:longtimenosee,blackhumor•semanticloan:pioneer10.5Prospect数量与日俱增来源多种多样形式趋向简洁课后作业Textinhere预习教材第十二单元。思考：AmIspeakingBrEorAmE?