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Verb-ingformasanadjectiveoradverb&Verb-ingphrases•Togettoknowhowaverb-ingformcanbeusedasanadjectiveoradverb•Tolearnhowtouseaverb-ingphrase•Tolearntoidentifythefunctionsofaverb-ingformThislessonisboring.Therearesleepingstudentsinclass.（表语）（定语）Functionsasanadjective:①V-ing形式可以同形容词一样置于名词之前修饰名词。②有时V-ing形式也可用副词修饰。③V-ing形式亦可以同定语从句一样置于名词之后修饰名词，可以转化成定语从句。④V-ing形式可以用作表语或宾语的补语。4.ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.2.ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.1.arunningman3.Themanrunningfastestgotthefirstplace.Attribute:小结:V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行（如例1、2）或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系（如例3）。单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例1）；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2、3），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例4）。Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses.TheteacherteachingusEnglishisMsZhou.=TheteacherwhoisteachingusEnglishisMsZhou.Thepeoplesittingbehindusareallteachers.TheexpertcomingfromLishuiisaladycalledMsCai.=Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareallteachers.=TheexpertwhocomesfromLishuiisaladycalledMsCai.Translatethefollowingphrases.areadingroomawashingmachineanexcitingeveninganinterestingcrosstalk阅览室洗衣机激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声asleepingcarasmokingroomlisteningpracticeanopeningspeechabookingofficerunningwater卧铺车吸烟室听力练习开幕词售票处自来水①Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.②Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.ObjectComplement:③Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.④Wehavethefireburningallday.V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例1、2、3），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例4）小结：V-ing形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主动关系。V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：make,let,have,keep,leave,see,watch,hear,notice,find,feel等。1.Sixtymillionpeople_____(live)inruralareasaremovingtothecitieseveryyear.2.Thebottle_________(contain)thepoisonwassenttothelaboratory.PracticelivingcontainingFillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.3.Theman______(sit)ontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.4.Thechildren________(play)theviolinovertherewillgiveaperformancenextweek.5.Ourtripwas_____________(disappoint).Wedidnotfindanyunusualplants.sittingplayingdisappointing6.Isawthem______(force)thedooropenwithahammer.7.Weheardthem_________(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert;theylookedveryangry.8.Iheardhim________(drop)lotsofcoinsintothecollectingtin.forcingquarrelingdropping9.Youcanseethem__________(perform)everynightthisweekattheNewTheatre.10.Thenewswas__________(shock).Allthethreeboatshadsunkinthestorm.performingshockingFunctionasanadverb:常用于stand，sit，lie等动词之后表示伴随的状态。V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原因、结果、条件等状语。1.作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。2.作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.=Because(As)hehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。3.作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Beinggivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得好。4.作让步状语-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif，though连用。如：Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。5.作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。6.作结果状语，如:Royfelldownthestairs,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildren.注意：1.V-ing形式/短语前可以加一个连词，使V-ing形式/短语所表示的时间、让步等关系更清楚。如：Whenhearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.Thoughhavingbeenwarnedmanytimes,shegottoschoollateagain.2.V-ing形式/短语的否定形式是在其前加not。如：Notknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.Nothavingseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.小结:V-ing有其完成式havingdone，表示分词动作发生于主句动作之前。表示时间状语时常同连词when，whenever，while，once，until等连用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换为相应的状语从句。1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.Choosethecorrectsentence.3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.5.a.Beingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.b.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。如：Hesatthere,notknowingwhattosay.1.因为不知道怎样去公园，他向警察求助。______________________________,heturnedtothepoliceforhelp.2.整天忙着做饭，她看上去有些疲倦。__________________,shelookedtired.3.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。___________________,hemustbeill.NotknowinghowtogototheparkCookingalldaylongJudgingfromhisfaceI.完成下列句子.4.他的父母去世了，给他留下一大笔钱。Hisparentsdied,________________________.5.请用另外一种方法回答这个问题。____________________________________________.6.“Thetreeswereplantedthreeyearsago,”______________________________________(这位农民指着小山高兴地说).leavinghimalotofmoneyPleaseanswerthequestionusingano