四级阅读真题完全解析(2)

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women'seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)ofneglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.26.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis________.A)troublesomeB)labor-savingC)rewardingD)expensive27.Bysaying...theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...(Lines45,Para.2).theauthormeansthat________.A)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboysB)girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreamsC)girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreachD)girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome28.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen________.A)womencaremoreabouteducationB)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducationC)afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildrenD)parentscanaffordtheirdaughters'education29.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen'seducation?A)Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.B)Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.C)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.D)Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.30.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A)unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountriesB)thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomenC)themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosocietyD)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen文章共有四段，第一段总起介绍了本文的内容，介绍了在发展中国家，对女孩子教育的投资可能比起其他的投资要有更高的回报率；女性教育的问题已经引起了经济学家的关注，并从经济刺激角度来分析女性教育的问题。第二段承接第一段最后一句话，从经济角度分析，为什么女孩子会被剥夺受教育的机会，因为发展中国家的家长认为女孩子的价值要比男孩子少，因此造成了恶性循环。第三段也是从经济角度来分析，受过教育的女性会有更强的挣钱能力，也会做出不同的选择，让自己的子女接受同等的教育，从而改变上述的恶性循环。第四段总结上文，指出受过教育的女性不仅对社会有很大益处，对经济也有巨大的好处。【重点词汇】1.yield:(vt.)产出，收益，Theseappletreesyieldplentyoffruitthisyear.(vi.)屈服，投降，Wewillneveryieldtoinvaders.(vt.)放弃，Hewasforcedtoyieldthecastle.2.fail:(vi.)失败，Hefailedineverythinghetried.(vi.)(指健康)衰退，Hishearingisfailing.(vt.)不能，Hedidverywell,butfailedtobreaktherecord.3.impact:(n.)影响，作用，(have/makeimpacton)Thebookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.(vi.)产生影响，Itisobvioushowbadmovieswillimpactonchildren.【试题分析】26.答案C原文第一段第一句话“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.”（在发展中国家，对女孩子教育的投资可能比起其他的投资要有更高的回报率。）答案A、B、D的意思分别为麻烦的、省力的和昂贵的。只有答案C，rewarding的意思是有回报的，与原文意思相同。27.答案A原文第二段“Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)ofneglect.”（女孩的价值似乎要比男孩少。女孩子只能在家里做做家务，而男孩子则可以去上学因为男孩子要自食其力，这就使得女孩子陷入了这种被忽视的恶性循环。）这句话和选项A是一致的，因此答案为A。28.答案B题干在原文第三段的最后一句话，这句话是对第三段的总结。而整个第三段是总分总的结构，第一句话Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.（另一方面，受过教育的母亲在家外会有更强的挣钱能力，而且会做出完全不同的选择。）则是对整段内容的总起句，与总结句“Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.”（这样，恶性循环就会转变为良性循环）相呼应。因此，本题的答案B“girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation”（女孩能得到公平的教育）为正确选项。29.答案C本题的答案也可以在原文第一段第一句话中找到。“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.”（在发展中国家，对女孩子教育的投资可能比起其他的投资要有更高的回报率。）30.答案D本题的答案是通过全文的综合分析得到的。但在文章的最后一段第一句话也可以分析得出“Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.”（有人会认为受过教育的女性对社会有很大益处，同时，她们对经济也有巨大的益处。）这是一句承上启下的句子，既是对上文内容的总结，又是对下文内容的总起。又由于这是全文的最后一段，因此这句句子也是对全文内容的一个总结。【阅读技巧】四级阅读中的文章有点类似于古代的八股文，都是有一定的套路的，只要摸清套路，阅读起来就会事半功倍。这个套路就是：文章的重点信息一般包含在段落的首末句，主题内容一般是包含在首段和末段。首末句可能就是段落内容的概括句。而首段和末段则是整篇文章的导语和总结。所以看文章时，着重看一下首末段和首末句。