吉林大学硕士学位论文(电子版)

2001516200167THEDISCUSSIONABOUTUTILITARIANLISMPOLITICALPHILOSOPHYOFTHESCHOOLINTHEEASTERNOFZHEJIANGPROVINCEINSOUTHENSONGDYNASTYD092SOUTHERNSONGDYNASTYUTILITARIANLISMPOLITICALPHILOSOPHY1127“”“”“”“”1150—12231143—11941137—1181”“”“”“”ii——“”,“”“”“”“”,“”“”“”“”:“”“”“”“”ix“”“”xi“”xii“”“”xiii,“”“”xv“”“”“”“”xvi“”,“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”xxi“”:“”xxii“”“”“”“”xxiii“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“‘’”xxix“”xxx“”“”“”“”“”“”“”xxxii“”xxxiii“”“”xxxv“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“’’“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“””“”“”“”“”“””“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“‘’‘’”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”——“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“‘’”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“’’“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“‘’”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“‘’”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“‘’‘’”“‘’”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“‘’‘’‘’‘’”“”“”“”“”“’’“”“”“”“”“”2——cxxxiicxxxiii——cxxxivcxxxvcxxxvicxxxviicxxxviiicxxxixcxlcxlicxliicxliiicxlivcxlvcxlvicxlviicxlviiicxlixclclicliicliii——————ThesouthernSongDynasty,comparedwithpre-QinDynasty,wasanothererathathadalotofgreattransforminpoliticsandculture.Becauseoftheturbulencesituationandtheinvasionofwesterncivilization,peoplebegantosuspecttheconstructionofthestate’sculture,accompanyingwithworryingaboutthedevelopmentofsocietyandpolitics.Somethinkers,especiallythinkersoftheeasternZhejiangschool,startedtofreethemselvesfromtheConfuciantraditionalideaLayingstressonjusticeandLookingdownoninterests.Theyconfrontedrealityandputforwardthestandpointofutility,atthesametimethat,theyopenlyraisedchallengewiththeConfucianschoolinidealistphilosophyoftheSongandMingDynastieswhichoccupiedadominantpositioninacademyandpoliticsatthattimes,andlaunchedanotherpolemicinthehistoryofChinesePoliticalThinkingafter“contentionofthoughtofahundredschools”whichhappenedinthepre-QinDynasty.InviewofthesituationofacademicpolemicintheSouthernSongDynasty,myarticlewantstointroduceacademicGroups,ThinkingOrigins,MainContents,HistoricStatusandThinkingConfinementoftheSouthernSongDynasty’sUtilitarianismSchoolintheeastofZhejiangprovince.TheSouthernSongDynasty’sUtilitarianismSchoolintheeasternZhejiangisacollectivenoun.Itconsistsofthreeschools:ThefirstisTheYongjiaSchoolwhoseleaderisYeshi;thesecondisTheYongkangSchoolwhoseleaderisChenliang,thelastisTheJinhuaSchoolwhoseleaderisZuqianLv.Accordingtotheirthinkingtransmission,theYongkangschoolwasoriginatedintheperiodofEmperorRenzongofTheNorthernSongDynasty,whosethinkingpioneerswereKaizuWang,LinshiandChangqiDing.Butatthattime,theYongjiaSchoolhadn’tacompletethinkingsystemoftheirownandthemainpartsoftheirthinkingwereconfinedtothetheoryofChengyi’sandChenghao’sandthetheoryofZhangzai’s.Afterwards,XingjiZhouandFuliangChendevelopedthetheoryofBoxiongZhen’sandBoyingZhen’sandTheYongjiaSchoolwasn’tsetupfinallyuntilthetimeofYeshiwhogatheredtogetherallthatwasgood.AlthoughthetransmissionofTheYongkangSchoolcouldn’tbeproved,itsrelationwithTheYongjiaSchoolandTheJinhuaSchoolcouldn’tbeignoredandseperateed.AstoZuqianLv,theleaderofTheJinhuaSchool,histheoryandattitudeofstudyinginheritedhiseldergenerations.Inaddition,healsoabsorbedthethinkingofTheYongjiaSchool’sandTheYongkangSchool’s.WithZuqianLv’sefforts,histheoryofthinkinghighlyof“pragmatism”wastakenshapeatlast.AsforthethinkingoriginsoftheSouthernSongDynasty’sUtilitarianismSchoolintheeasternZhejiang,theycanbetracedbacktoXunziwhowasoneofthepre-QinConfucianist’sleaders.ThedistinctionamongXunzi,KongziandMengziwasabouttheknowledgeoftherelationof“justice”and“interests”.AlthoughXunzi,likeotherConfucianscholars,attachedimportancetojustice,atthesametimehealsorecognizedtheobjectivityandrationalityofexistenceofdesireandinterests.TheSouthernSongDynasty’sUtilitarianismSchoolintheeasternZhejianginheritedtheviewpointofXunzi’s.Butspecificallyspeaking,thethinkingsourceoftheSouthernSongDynasty’sUtilitarianismSchoolintheeasternZhejiangcamefromthatoftheNorthernSongDynasty.Tosomedegree,itsutilitarianismthinkingwasanoutcomeofthedevelopmentandgrowingmatureofallutilitarianismthinkingfromthedifferenttimesofTheNorthernSongDynastyinthenewsituation.Aboutthespecificcontent,onthephilosophy,thethinkersoftheSouthernSongDynasty’sUtilitarianismSchoolintheeasternZhejiangadvocatedthatlawcouldn’tdepartfromobject,andthatlawexistedamongspecificobjectsintheworldandtheyalsothoughtthatlawcouldbetouchedandknown.Onthemoralconcepts,theyadvocatedthatjusticeshouldbeequalwithinterests,andthatjusticeandinterestsshouldjoinwitheachother,andadvanceeachother,sotheyweren’tcontradictive.Onpoliticsandeducation,theyadvocatedthattheactualpoliticsandtheactualmoralshouldbebuilttogether,andthatonlybyjoiningtheactualpoliticsandtheactualmoral,couldacountryfindanapproachtomakehimselfprosperousandstrong.Ontheconceptionofhistory,theyadvocatedthatpeopleshouldthoroughlyunderstandthecourseofevents,andshouldusethepasttoknowthepresent.Theythoughtthathistorycancopyandtransform,soitw