车辆工程专业英语PPT课件-UNIT-1--AUTOMOTIVE-BASICS

No.10039课程介绍课程属性——限定性选修课课时——48学时课程内容——汽车结构、工作原理。教材内容较新，新技术内容多。学习目的1.打好基础：首先掌握必要词汇，熟悉并巩固语法与专业知识，开阔眼界；学好本门课程，对考研亦有一定的帮助2.掌握翻译技巧，提高翻译水平，较熟练笔译专业资料，解决生产实际中的问题3.阅读本专业领域的国外资料，了解和掌握本专业的发展动态和前沿技术，为研究和创新奠定基础学习方法认真听讲，做好记录，大胆实践PROFESSIONALENGLISHNo.10039UNIT1AUTOMOTIVEBASICSTEXTATheBasicComponentsofanAutomobilePROFESSIONALENGLISHNo.10039UNIT1AUTOMOTIVEBASICSTEXTATheBasicComponentsofanAutomobileEngineChassisBodyElectricalEquipment本次课学习内容No.10039本次课学习目标掌握汽车主要部件的英文名称掌握各类汽车的英文名称掌握常用术语（PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONS）了解翻译的标准NEWWORDScomponent[kəm'pəunənt]n.成分，组成，部件，零件chassis['∫æsi]n.底盘transmission[trænz'mi∫ən]n.变速器，传动,传动系统，传送，发射lubrication[ֽlu:bri'kei∫ən]n.润滑Ignition[ig'ni∫ən]n.点火,点燃Ignite[ig'nait]v.点火,点燃boost[bu:st]v.升压，推进，增加，增压，提高filter['filtə]n.滤清器，滤波器,过滤器carburetor['kɑ:bjuretə]n.化油器combustible[kəm'bʌstəbl]a.易燃的radiator['reidieitə]n.散热器,冷却器，辐射体hollow['hɔləu]a.空心的,虚伪的；n.洞,窟窿,山谷；circulate['sə:kjuleit]v.(使)循环,(使)流通defroster[ֽdi:'frɔstə]n.除冰(或霜)装置sludge[slʌʤ]n.软泥,淤泥hood[hud]n.发动机罩styling['stailiŋ]n.花[式]样streamlined['stri:mlaind]a.流线型的,现代化的sedan[si'dæn]n.轿车,轿子enclosed[in'klouzd]a.封闭的,密闭的pick-up['pikʌp]n.拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），传感器gross[grous]a.总的,毛重的;n.总额coach[kout∫]n.四轮大马车,长途客车,教练rigid['riʤid]a.刚硬的,刚性的,严格的axle['æksl]n.轮轴,车轴articulated[ɑ:'tikjuleitid]a.铰接(的),有关节的capacity[kə'pæsiti]n.容量,生产量,才能,能力commuter[kə'mju:tə]n.长期月票使用者luxurious[lʌg'zjuəriəs]a.奢侈的,豪华的suspension[səs'pen∫ən]n.悬架，悬浮,悬浮液,暂停,中止,悬而未决differential[ֽdifə'ren∫əl]n.差速器，微分；a.微分的，差动的clutch[klʌt∫]n.离合器hydraulic[hai'drɔ:lik]a.液压的，水压的，水力的isolate['aisəleit]v.隔离,孤立,绝缘，查出（故障）course[kɔ:s]n.过程,经过,进程,方针,路线,跑道,课程manoeuvre[mə'nu:və]=maneuvrev.策划,调动,演习,操纵，机动（动作）；n.策略,调动drum[drʌm]n.鼓,鼓声；v.击鼓pedal['pedl]n.踏板spark-ignitionengine点燃式发动机compression-ignitionengine压燃式发动机storagebattery蓄电池ignitioncoil点火线圈chargingcircuit充电电路combustionchamber燃烧室passengercompartment乘客室，乘客舱windowdefroster风窗除霜器motoroil机油(=engineoil)sheetmetal钢板，金属板PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONStrunkdeck行李箱盖multi-purposevan(MPV)多用途厢式车commercialvehicle商用汽车powertrain传动系，动力装置propellershaft传动轴(=driveshaft)torqueconverter液力变矩器gearratio传动比flexiblejoint柔性接头axleshaft半轴roadwheel车轮brakelining制动器摩擦衬片TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobileToday'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipments.EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission[1].Allengineshavefuel,exhaust,cooling,andlubricationsystems.Gasolineenginesalsohaveanignitionsystem.Theignitionsystemsuppliestheelectricsparkneededtoignitetheair-fuelmixtureinthecylinders.Whentheignitionswitchisturnedon,currentflowsfromthe12-voltstoragebatterytotheignitioncoil.Thecoilbooststhevoltagetoproducethestrongsparkof20,000Vneededtoignitetheenginefuel.Theautomobilesuppliesalltheelectricityitneedsthroughitselectricalsystem.Forexample,theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thefuelsystemstoresliquidfuelanddeliversittotheengine.Thefuelisstoredinthetank,whichisconnectedtoafuelpumpbyafuelline.Thefuelispumpedfromthefueltankthroughthefuellines.Itisforcedthroughafilterintothecarburetorwhereitismixedwithair,orintothefuelinjectionsystem.Thefuelismixedwithairtoformacombustiblemixtureinthecarburetor,themanifold,orthecylindersthemselves[2].Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Thetemperatureinenginecombustionchambersisabout2,000℉(1,094℃).Sincesteelmeltsataround2,500℉(1,354℃),thisheatmustbecarriedawaytopreventenginedamage.Airandacoolantareusedtocarryawaytheheat.Theradiatorisfilledwithacoolant.Thewaterpumpcirculatesthiscoolantthroughthehollowwallsoftheengineblockandhead.Constantcirculationofthecoolantthroughtheengineandtheradiatorremovesheatfromtheengine.Heatalsoisremovedbytheradiatorfan,whichdrawsairthroughthenarrowfinsoftheradiator.Thissystemalsosuppliesheattothepassengercompartmentandthewindowdefrosters.Thelubricationsystemisimportantinkeepingtheenginerunningsmoothly.Motoroilisthelubricantusedinthesystem.Thelubricationsystemhasfourfunctions:1.Itcutsdownfrictionbycoatingmovingpartswithoil.2.Itproducesasealbetweenthepistonringsandthecylinderwalls.3.Itcarriesawaysludge,dirt,andacids.4.Itcoolstheenginebycirculatingthemotoroil.Tokeepthissystemworkingefficiently,oilfiltersandmotoroilmustbechangedregularly.Allothermovingpartsinanautomobilemustalsobelubricated.BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modemappearanceforthevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindre