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HighRiseBuilding任课教师：赵靓雯DevelopmentofHighRiseBuildingHighRiseBuilding•Therapidgrowthofworldcivilizationhasasignificantimpactonthewayhumanslivetoday.Theconversionofagriculturallandtodevelopmentusesandtheincreasingurbanizationoftheworld’spopulationaremakingthebuildingtowardshighvertically.Morepeoplegofromcountrytocity,requiringmorespaceforofficeandforhabitation;thisincreasedthelandusepressureandtheaveragepopulationdensity.Thesameareacannotsupportsufficientfacilities,thebuildingneedtobebuilttallerandtaller.Themainfactorswhichleadtothedevelopmentoftallbuildingarethefollowing:1）Scarcityoflandandspiralingriseinthecostofland2）Increasingpopulationandurbanization3）Architecturalrequirements4）Innovationofnewstructuralsystem5）DevelopmentofnewmaterialandtechnologyDevelopmentofHighRiseBuildingHighRiseBuilding•Recentyears,therehavebeenimmensedevelopmentinthefieldofcivilengineeringinourcountryandtheykeptpacewithrapidadvancesmadeintechnology.Oneofwhichisthedesignandconstructionoftallbuilding.Atallbuildingisdefinedasoneinwhichthestructuralsystemismodifiedtomakeitsufficientlyeconomicaltoresistlateralforcesduetowindorearthquakes,withintheprescribecriteriaforstrength,driftandthecomfortofoccupants.FramedStructuresHighRiseBuilding•Framedstructuresforresistingverticalandlateralloadshavelongbeenacceptedasanimportantandstandardmeansfordesigningbuildings.Theyprovideexcellentopportunityforrectangularpenetrationofwallsurfacesbothwithinandattheoutsideofabuildingcomparedtoshearwallstructures.Theabilityoftallbuildingtoresistthewindandotherlateralforcesdependsontherigidityofconnectionsbetweenthebeamsandcolumns,butthecolumnsaremadestrongerwhenrigidlyconnectedtoresistthelateralaswellasverticalforcesthroughframebending.Theyareadoptedforlowandmedium-risebuildingsuptohigh-risebuildings,suchasoffice,school,andresidentialuse.ShearWallStructuresHighRiseBuilding•WhenShearwallsarecompatiblewithotherfunctionalrequirements,theycanbeeconomicallyutilizedtoresistlateralforcesinhigh-risebuildings.Theverticalandhorizontalloadsareresistedbythewall,buttheycanresistlateralloadonlyintheplaneofthewalls(i.e.notinadirectionperpendiculartothem).Therefore,itisalwaysnecessarytoprovideshearwallsintwoperpendiculardirections,oratleastinsufficientorientationsothatlateralforceinanydirectioncanberesist.Inthepast,theshearwallstructureshowedgoodseismicbehaviorandsmallerdamage.Frame-shearWallStructuresHighRiseBuilding•Itiscomposedofframeandshearwall.Theverticalloadsareresistedbyframeandshearwall;andhorizontalloadsareresistedmainlybytheshearwall.Itisextensivelyusedinhigh-riseofficeandhotel.TubeStructuresHighRiseBuilding•Withtheincreaseinheightandstory,thehorizontalseismicactionoftallbuildingincreaselargely.Frame,shearwallandframeshearwallstructurescannotsatisfythisneed,whereastubewhichhasexcellentwindandseismicresistance.•Thetubestructureincludesframedtube,tubeintubeandbundledtube.Theframetubesystemconsistofaninteriorshearwalltuberesistingpartiallyhorizontalforcesandanouterframeofspacedreasonablycolumns.Thetubeintubestructuralsystemisadoptedforofficebuilding.Itcombinestheinteriorshearwalltubewithanouterframedtube.Thebundledtubeisalsonamedcombinedtube.Severaltubescombinedinaplantocreatelargetubetomakebuildingmorerigid,itisadoptedformultifunctionalhigh-risebuilding.TowerStructuresHighRiseBuilding•Tallstructureswithrelativelysmallcross-sectionandwithalargeratiobetweentheheightandmaximumwidthareknownastowers.Weoftenseewatertowers,radioandtelevisiontowers,andtransmissionlinetowers.SiloStructuresHighRiseBuilding•Itisdefinedaslargesizecontainerswhichareusedtostoregrains,cement,coal,etc.Ingeneral,theshapesofsilosareofcircularcross-section.SelectionofStructureFormsHighRiseBuilding•Inordertomaketallbuildinghighlyefficient,thedesignerneedtoselectdifferentstructuralsystemsaccordingtoprojects.Meanwhile,theyshouldconsidervariouscriteria,suchasload,strength,stability,durability,stiffnessanddrift,foundationsettlement,creep,shrinkageandtemperatureeffects,fire,humancomfortcriteria.