非谓语动词考点总结归纳

1非谓语动词考点总结归纳非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。不定式主动被动一般形式（本身包含将由去做的含义）TodoTobedone进行形式Tobedoing完成形式TohavedoneTohavebeendone动词的ING形式主动被动一般形式（本身包含正在进行的含义）VingBeingVed完成形式HavingVedHavingbeenVed(=Ved)●过去分词done（无变化）●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not放在非谓语动词的_前面_考点一：非谓语作状语。非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用inorderto/soasto+动词原形。解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后主动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的发出者被动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的承受者与谓语几乎同时进行doing,S+Vbeing+done,S+V先于谓语动作发生（已经完成）having+dong,S+Vhavingbeen+dong,S+V=(dong,S+V)后于谓语动作发生（将要去做，特别是表示目的）(inorder(not)/soasto(not))todo,S+V..(inorder(not)/soasto(not))tobedone,S+V●不定式做结果状语的固定搭配onlytodo，too+adj/advtodo，so+adj/advastodo，such+nastodoadj/advenoughtodoonlytodo常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。练习：1._____thatitwasgoingtosnow,theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonthehighestmountain.A.HavingtoldB.HavingbeentoldC.TellD.Telling2._____timeandlabor,cartoonistsgenerallydrawthehandsoftheircharacterswithonly3fingersandathumb.A.TosaveB.SavedC.SavingD.Havingsaved3Hopinghewouldnotbeseen,Bobstolein,_____hisschoolbagandrushedout.A.pickingupB.pickedupC.topickupD.havingpickedup4_____thedistancewastoolongandthetimewasshort,wedecidednottodrivetoFlorida.A.DiscoveringB.TodiscoverC.TohavediscoveredD.Discovered5Hesentmeane-mail,______togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope26_____niceanddelicious,thefriedchickenwassoonsoldout.A.TastedB.BeingtastedC.TastingD.Totaste7Thepurposeofnewdrugsusedonpatientsistomakethemlesspainful,_____themmoreterrible.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake8—Whatdoyouthinkoflastnight’slecture?—_____speaking,Ithoughtitwasratherboring.A.RealB.GeneralC.FairD.Honestly9Hewassofoolish_________hiscarunlockedinthepublicparklastnight.AtoleaveBthatleaveCastoleaveDforhimtoleave10When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted11Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif____whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee12Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told注意：非谓语作状语时，主语必须是非谓语的逻辑主语；如果不是，非谓语需要有在他前面加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。其中，最典型的就是with+n+ving/ved/todo结构1Inordertoprotectourplanet,_____.A.allkindsofpollutionshouldbereducedB.weshouldreduceallkindsofpollutionC.theenvironmentshouldbeprotectedfirstD.it’simportanttoprotectourenvironment2TheforeigntouristshavevisitedmanyscenicspotsinShanghai,_____asinterpreter.A.theguideactsB.theguideactingC.actingD.acted3Whilelisteningtopopmusic,_____.A.shefeltasleepB.thelightwentoutC.someoneknockedatthedoorD.andshecouldn’thelplaughing4Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,______.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists5_________,hefeltabitnervous.AManypeoplelookedathimBSomanyeyesfixingonhimCWithsomanyeyestobefixedDwithsomanyeyesfixedonhim注意：有些非谓语动词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingfrom,considering,given,supposing,providing/provided,taking……intoconsiderationtobehonest,totellyouthetruthtomakematters/thingsworse.考点二：非谓语作定语解题诀窍：找所修饰的词，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后与被修饰的名词或代词是主动关系与被修饰的名词或代词是被动关系正在进行doingbeing+done将要去做todotobedone已经完成无done1.作定语的不定式如果是vi，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。2.不定式用来修饰名词，表动作未发生。3.不定式用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词。练习：1—Haven’tyouseenthesign,_____“NOPHOTOS”?—I’mreallysorryIdidn’t.A.readsB.toreadC.readD.reading，32Everyonehadanapplicationforminhishand,butnooneknewwhichoffice_____.A.tosendittoB.tosenditC.tobesenttoD.tohaveitsent3The_____lookinherfacesuggestedthatshe_____itbefore.A.surprising;wouldn’tknowB.surprised;hadn’tknownC.surprising;hadn’tknownD.surprised;shouldn’tknow4—Iwouldliketobuyanexpensivecamera.—Well.Wehaveseveralmodels_____.A.tochoosefromB.ofchoiceC.tobechosenD.forchoosing5Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy_____.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout6Thebuilding_____willbecompletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding.A.topaintB.beingpaintedC.tohavepaintedD.painting7Willyoupleasetellmewhyyouhadnopen_____inclass,Kate?A.tohavewrittenB.tobewrittenwithC.tohavebeenwrittenD.towritewith8Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying10MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewesnottheone_______.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed11Theflowers______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt12Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded考点三：非谓语动词做补语解题技巧：记固定搭配，辩逻辑关系不定式和分词作宾语补足语（weconsiderhimtobeaniceguy）或主语补足语(Heisconsideredtobeaniceguy)是考察的重点.做题时一要熟记固定搭配，还要仔细分析非谓语所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后问题。A固定句型sb/sthbesaid/believed/reported/considered/thoughttodo/tobedoing/tohavedone要分清练习：