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第八讲动词和动词词组思维导图:动词考点：时态，语态，非谓语动词，主谓一致动词的分类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词的用法动词的分类：实义动词、助动词、系动词、情态动词动词的基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词动词的用法：1.实义动词的用法：及物动词带宾语，有被动语态不及物动词不带宾语，没有被动语态1）及物动词及物动词可以有一个或两个（直接和间接）宾语，或者复合宾语（接一个宾语的同时再接一个补语）①常见的跟单宾语的及物动词Accept,borrow,bury,cover,defeat,discover,eat,excite,forget,guess,put,please,surprise,enjoy,worry等Doyouintendtoacceptthegift?②常见的跟双宾语的及物动词Bring,buy,feed,find,get,give,hand,lend,make,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。一般间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果直接宾语在前，那么在间接宾语前加介词to或for如：weshowedthevisitorsournewproducts.=weshowedournewproducttothevisitors.A.直接宾语位于间接宾语之前时，常用介词to作搭配的动词有：Accord,advance,award,bring,deal,forward,give,grant,hand,lease,leave,lend,loan,mail,offer,owe,pass,pay,play,post,read,rent,repay,sell.Send,serve,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write.B.直接宾语在前，常与介词for搭配的动词有book,buy,bring,build,cook,cash,cut,design,fetch,find,fix,get,guarantee,keep,leave,make,mix,order,paint,pick,play,pour,prepare,set,reserve,save,secure,sing,spare,take,win,write等C.有一些动词不能接to或for，只能放在直接宾语前Allow,ask,bet,cause,charge,cost,deny,draw,envy,forgive,promise,refuse等Shewishedthemasafejourney.她祝你们一路平安。Ienvyyougoodluck.我羡慕你的好运。③常见的跟宾语补足语的及物动词A.可跟形容词或形容词短语做宾补的动词有Believe,consider,declare,drive,find,get,imagine,judge,keep,leave,make,think.Weallbelievehimhonestandkind.B.可跟名词或名词短语做宾补的动词有Call,consider,choose,elect,find,keep,make,nameTheparentsnamedthebabyElla.Weconsiderhimastrangeperson.C.可跟带to的不定式结构做宾语的动词有Advise,allow,ask,except,get,invite,order,tell,teach,wish,warn,want.Sheadvisedustodiscussthereportimmediately2)不及物动词不及物动词是本身意思完整，后面不需要加宾语的实义动词。不及物动词没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,fall等。IthappenedinJune,1932.2.系动词：连系动词又称系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，后面需跟系表结构说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。全系动词：be动词(am\is\are,was\were完全没意思)半系动词:既像实义动词有意思，又像系动词后跟形容词分为感官类:look,sound,taste,smell,feel用来说明主语”感觉上”的状况MyjobisteachingEnglish.变化类:get,turn,go,become,grow,come,fall说明主语变成什么样Hebecamemadafterthat.保持类:keep,stay,remain,last,lie,stand表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度。Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.表象类:seem,look,appear用来表示“看起来像”这一概念Heseemstobe)verysad.终止类:prove,turnout表示主语已经停止动作。Ithinkitwouldproveimpossibleformetomendthebrokenvase.我想要让我补好这个花瓶是不可能的。3.助动词的用法：助动词是协助主要动词构成谓语的动词。助动词本身没有词义不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语，表示时态，语态，疑问和否定。必须与动词原形或分词构成合成谓语，不能单独做谓语。常见助动词如下表：助动词作用Do,does,didDo:用于一般现在时、一般过去时的“否定，疑问，强调，倒装”句型中Be:is,am,are,was,were,have,been,beingBe:与现在分词构成进行时，与过去分词构成被动语态Have,has,had,havehad,havingHave:与过去分词构成完成时Will,would,shall,shouldShall,will:与动词原形构成将来时4.情态动词的用法：主要用来表示说话人的语气，情态等。主要有：can,could,may,might,must,should,need,haveto,oughttodare等，表示说话人的语气或情态，表示有能力，义务，必要，猜测，允诺，愿望等。情态动词不能单独做谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。5.延续性动词和非延续性动词1）延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。有:contain,have,hold,lie,live,make,sit,rain,sleep,stand,study,wait,wear,work等此外，表示状态，情感，思维等动词如believe,consider.Hate,hope,know,like,love,respect,think,understand,wish等也属于延续性动词。表示状态和延续性动作时必须要用延续性动词。Thisbookhasbeenputonthedeskforaweek.误改成lying正确2）非延续性动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬间完成的，有add,admit,answer,arrive,ask,attack,begin,break,bring,buy,catch,close,come,die,discover,fall,do,leave,open,puton,sell,start,marry,stop,return,takeoff.等Whendidsheknowmyemailaddress?误改为gettoknow.3)区别延续性动词可以用表示一段时间的状语修饰，而非延续性动词不能。Howlongcanikeepthebook?TheywillworkheretillnextFriday.延续性动词可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中，而非延续性动词不能。WhileIcamehome,shewascookingdinner.误改为when4)常用的延续性动词和非延续性动词的对照：词义非延续性动词延续性动词买buyhave借borrowkeep到达arrivestay得知learnknow穿Putonwear放置putlie结婚marryBemarried认识Gettoknowknow回来ComebackBeback离开leaveBeaway站起Standupsand死dieBedead坐下Sitdownsit6.动词词组定义:一些动词常与名词,副词,介词搭配构成固定的动词词组表达固定的词义,其作用相当于医德动词,成为短语动词.常用动词可以构成多个动词词组,有时一个词组也有几种意义.如:lookfor,lookeinto,lookafter,lookforwardto,lookdownupon,lookupanddown,lookat,lookback,lookaround,lookout,lookahead,lookalike,lookin,lookon,lookover,lookthrough等。Lookthrough：1）examine：查找Helookedthroughthepapersforpointstoseeiftherewasanadvertisementfotthejobsuitableforhim.他在报纸中找是否有合适他做的工作。2）lookatwithoutseemingtonotice.浏览Heiswaitingforthebossoutsidetheoffoce,lookingthroughamagzine.他在办公室外等老板，一边在翻一本杂志。动词词组的主要类型及用法：1）动词+介词这类动词词组均为及物动词，宾语放在介词之后+at:look,stare,glare,aim,shoot,knock,laugh,call,arrive...+for:look,call,ask,wait,answer,care,pay...+after:look,go...+on:insist,cll,depend...+to:listen,reply,move,get,apologize,belong,add,refer,talk,admit,turn,stick+with:agree,talk,begin,start,begin,fill,deal...+of:think,hear,learn,dreamof,die...+from:hear,learn,protect,prevent,suffer,come,die...+in:spend,succeed,arrive...+into：change,dip,move,turn,run...+about:hear,know,learn,ask,worry,care...非谓语动词：