初三英语被动语态讲解与精练

Everythingispossible.一切皆有可能。1初中英语被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／begoingtobe＋spoken过去将来时：would／begoingtobe＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋spoken过去进行时：was／werebeing＋spoken现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋spoken过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken三、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1．一般现在时（am/is/are+done）Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都举行班会。Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。2．一般过去时(was/were+done)Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。Hewassavedatlast.他最终获救了。Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被偷了。3．一般将来时与过去将来时(willbe+done;wouldbe+done)Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时，机器正在被修理。Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.问题正在被讨论。Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一辆公共汽车。5．现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)literatureTwohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。Severalsoldiershavealreadybeenkilledintheconflict.在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。6．过去完成时(hadbeen+done)Everythingispossible.一切皆有可能。2Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。四、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Itshouldbedoneatonce.五、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（3）表示客观的说明常用Itis+过去分词.句型。ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.据说露茜已经出国了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的Itis+过去分词+that句型还有Itisreportedthat…据报道Itissaidthat…据说Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itissuggestedthat…有人建议六、动词的主动形式表示被动之意（1）以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look,feel,smell等。Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。（2）下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，takeplaceAnaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.（）Everythingispossible.一切皆有可能。3七、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.Atreewascutdownbyhim.专项练习1()1Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7Theclassroom____________everyday.A.cleansB.iscleaningC.iscleanedD.hascleaned()8Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()9Youmaygofishingifyourwork__________.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.done()10Iwasn’tathomeyesterday.I_____tohelpthefarmers.A.askedB.amaskedC.wasaskedD.wasasking()11Alotoffood__________tothatcountryafterthewarwasover.A.wassentB.issentC.weresentD.issending()12Japanese_________ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13.Tea___inthesouthofChina.Everythingispossible.一切皆有可能。4A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()14Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()15.AwonderfulEnglishtalk_____byMrLiutomorrow.A.hasbeengivenB.isgivenC.isbeinggivenD.willbegiven专项练习2()1.Goodbooks____againandagain.A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustread()2.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafter()3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.wasgiven,didn'tlisten()4.When____theaccident_____?A.was,happenB.did,happenC.was,happened()5.Thequestion____byussoon.A.willdiscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.hasbeendiscussed()6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.hasbeenbuilt()7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetup()8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinished()9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grown()10.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.alwaysispraisedC.havebeenpraised()11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.havebeentaken,areopened()12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastaken()13.Wecan'tusethebridg