搜索
名词解释：1,Humanism:avarietyofethicaltheoryandpracticethatemphasizesreason,scientificinquiry,andhumanfulfillmentinthenaturalworldandoftenrejectstheimportanceofbeliefinGod.Itfo-cusesonhumanvaluesandconcerns,attachingprimeimportancetohumanratherthandivineorsupernaturalmatters.人道主义2,Renaissance:theperiodofEuropeanhistoryatthecloseoftheMiddleAgesandtheriseofthemodernworld;aculturalrebirthfromthe14ththroughthemiddleofthe17thcenturies.TherenaissancewasaculturalmovementthatprofoundlyaffectedEuropeanintellectuallifeintheearlymodernperiod.BeginninginItaly,andspreadingtotherestofEuropebythe16thcentury,itsinfluencewasfeltinliterature,philosophy,art,music,politics,science,religion,andotheraspectsofintellectualinquiry.Renaissancescholarsemployedthehumanistmethodinstudy,andsearchedforrealismandhumanemotioninart.文艺复兴3,Spenserianstanza:afixedverseforminventedbyEdmundSpenserforhisepicpoemTheFae-rieQueene.Eachstanzacontainsninelinesintotal:eightlinesiniambicpentameterfollowedbyasingle'Alexandrine'lineiniambichexameterTherhymeschemeoftheselinesisababbcbcc.斯宾塞第二节诗4,Metaphysicalpoets:ThemetaphysicalpoetsisatermcoinedbythepoetandcriticSamuelJohnsontodescribealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whoseworkwascharacterizedbytheinventiveuseofconceits,andbyspeculationabouttopicssuchasloveorreligion.玄学诗5,LakePoets:TheLakePoetsareagroupofEnglishpoetswhoalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEng-landattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.ThethreemainfiguresofwhathasbecomeknownastheLakesSchoolareWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,andRobertSouthey湖畔诗6,Beowulf:ItistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguageandthemostimportantspecimenofAnglo-Saxonliterature.Themainstoriesarebasedonthefolklegendsoftheprimitivenortherntribes.Itisapaganpoem,whichpresentsusanall-roundpictureofthetribalsociety.贝奥武甫7,Byronichero:TheByronicheroisavariantoftheRomanticheroasatypeofcharacter,namedaftertheEnglishRomanticpoetLordByron.amanproud,moody,cynical,withdefianceonhisbrow,andmiseryinhisheart,ascornerofhiskind,implacableinrevenge,yetcapableofdeepandstrongaffection拜伦式英雄8,Romanticism:Romanticismisaliteraryandartisticmovement,whichprevailedinEnglandfrom1798to1832.Itisconcernedwiththeexpressionoftheindividual'sfeelingandemotionsandstressedstrongemotionasaresourceofaestheticexperience.浪漫主义9,Ode:alyricalversewritteninpraiseof,ordedicatedtosomeoneorsomethingwhichcapturesthepoet'sinterestorservesasaninspirationfortheode.颂诗,赋(有特殊主题,多为歌颂特定人物或事的抒情诗)O~totheWestWind.西风颂(雪莱(Shelley)的诗)O~onaGrecianUrn.希腊古瓮之歌(济慈(Keats)的诗)10,UniversityWits:TheUniversityWitswereagroupoflate16thcenturyEnglishplaywrightswhowereeducatedattheuniversitiesandwhobecameplaywrightsandpopularsecularwriters.ProminentmembersofthisgroupwereChristopherMarlowe,RobertGreene,andThomasNashefromCambridge,andJohnLyly,ThomasLodge,GeorgePeelefromOxford.大学才子11,Sentimentalism:Sentimentalismstressesonmaterialsensesasbeingspiritualand/orconsid-erssoultobematerial,thusanythingdoneonsentimentallevelismoreorlessmaterialisticra-therthanspiritual/transcendental.情感主义12,Alliteration:Alliterationreferstotherepetitionofaparticularsoundinthefirstsyllablesofaseriesofwordsorphrases.Alliterationhasdevelopedlargelythroughpoetry,inwhichitmorenarrowlyreferstotherepetitionofaconsonantinanysyllablesthat,accordingtothepoem'smeter,arestressed.Alliterationiscommonlyusedinmanylanguages,especiallyinpoetry.头韵13,GloriousRevolution:thenameoftheoverthrowofKingJamesIIofEngland(JamesVIIofScot-landandJamesIIofIreland)byaunionofEnglishParliamentarianswiththeDutchstadtholderWilliamIIIofOrange-Nassau(WilliamofOrange).William'ssuccessfulinvasionofEnglandwithaDutchfleetandarmyledtohisascendingtheEnglishthroneasWilliamIIIofEnglandjointlywithhiswifeMaryIIofEngland.In1688,WilliamoforangelandedattorbayandmarcheduponLondon.Thistakeoverwassmooth,withneitherbloodshed,noranyexecutionoftheKing,whichbecameknownasthegloriousrevolution.光荣革命14,NormanConquest:theinvasionandconquestofEnglandbyanarmyofNormansandFrenchledbyDukeWilliamIIofNormandy.William,whodefeatedKingHaroldIIofEnglandon14Octo-ber1066attheBattleofHastings,wascrownedaskingonChristmasDay1066.Hethenconsoli-datedhiscontroloverEnglandandsettledmanyofhisfollowersinEngland,introducinganumberofgovernmentalandsocietalchangestomedievalEngland.诺曼征服15,Ballad:Aballadisaformofverse,oftenanarrativesettomusic.BalladswereparticularlycharacteristicofthepopularpoetryandsongoftheBritishIslesfromthelatermedievalperioduntilthe19thcenturyandusedextensivelyacrossEuropeandlatertheAmericas,AustraliaandNorthAfrica.Manyballadswerewrittenandsoldassinglesheetbroadsides.Theformwasoftenusedbypoetsandcomposersfromthe18thcenturyonwardstoproducelyricalballads.Inthelater19thcenturyittookonthemeaningofaslowformofpopularlovesongandthetermisnowoftenusedassynonymouswithanylovesong,particularlythepoporrockpowerballad.歌谣16.Freeverse:Freeversehasnooverallrhymescheme,norbasicmeterinformingthewholepoem.Ezrapoundadvisedpoetstocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofthemetronome.CharlesOlsonadvisedpoetstcomposebylisteningtotheirownbreath.WaltWhitmancrea