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M5Unit1GrammarIwasshockedtofindapieceofpaperinpaperonmydesk…Wecalltheredwords——动词不定式(todosth.).SentencesfromReading:ImustbereallystupidtofailasimplemathquizIpretendedtobecheerful,Wewenttowashourhandsinthegirl’sroom,…本节课重点提要•1.不定式的基本形式和否定形式•2.不定式的时态和语态•3.不定式的基本用法•4保留不定式符号to•5.不带to的不定式•Theyadvisedmetogiveupsmoking•Theyadvisedme______________smoking•.•Hepromisedtotakecareofthepoor•Hepromised_______________thepoor不定式的基本形式是由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是nottodo.Step1基本形式和否定形式nottogiveupnottotakecareof动词不定式的时态和语态1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.一般式(todo/tobedone).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。Step2㈡.进行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Theyseemedtobetalkingaboutsomethingsecret..如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态㈢.完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone)2.I’mpleasedtohavebeengiventhischance.1.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语之前。如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动形式.语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时进行时完成时小结todotobedonetobedoing无tohavedonetohavebeendone动词不定式Todolikethatisfoolish.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补Step3不定式的用法作主语_____________________________isreallyimportantnowadays.___________________isright=Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。不定式短语作主语时，用it作形式主语，真正的主语后置。TomasteraforeignlanguageTogiveupsmoking作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecided_______________________Hepromisednot____________________1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。▲(构成V.+todo的形式)afford,agree,arrange,ask,decide,demand,plandesire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish,prefer,happen,intend,fail等不定式短语可以作宾语，以下动词后，跟不定式作宾语tolookforajob.totellanyoneaboutit.•Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.•如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。类似的动词还有(▲(构成主语+V.+it+宾补+todosth.的形式)feel,think,consider,make,believe)等注意▲形式宾语与形式主语的区别是形式宾语无be动词①在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。Eg.Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheard________thesong.注意allow,ask,advise,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike,order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish▲(构成“V.+Sb.+todo”的形式)作宾补tosing1他要求我和他一起做这个工作2吉姆让我替他向这里的各位给予最好的祝愿Heaskedme______________withhim.todotheworkJimtoldme_________________________________toeveryoneheretogivehisbestwishesConsolidation作表语Myjobis_______________Toseeis___________.1.我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。toteachEnglish.tobelieve作定语Doyouhaveanything_______?1.你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人Bettywasthefirst_______________tosaytoknowthetruth•如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点/工具,不定式后面须有相应的介词•Wehaveseveralmodelbikestochoosefrom•Heislookingforaroomtolivein•Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith•Thereisnothingtoworryabout•在timeplaceway后面的不定式常省介词•Hehadnoplacetolive注意作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语1他回家去取钥匙2我说了什么话使你不高兴?3赢了这场足球赛,我们感到自豪Hewenthome_____hiskeyWhathaveIsaid______youhappy?Weareproud_____thefootballmatchtogettomaketowin目的状语.原因状语.结果状语Consolidation•在be+形容词(gladhappypleasedanxiouswillingready等)词后保留to•在lovelikemeanhopeadviseexpectwantpersuaderefusewishseem等动词后保留to•在haveneedoughtbeablebegoingused等动词后保留to•在asktelladvisepersuadewishpermitallowsbtodosth中保留to•不定式的否定形式后保留to•不定式的完成式后保留tohave•Usedtobe结构中的be不能省略Step4动词不定式保留to符号的情况归纳Willyoujoinusinatalk?yesI’llbegladtoWouldyoulikesomebananas?YesI’dlovetoWeshoulddoeverythingthatweoughttoDon’ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto-Didyouwanttogiveatalkonthissubject?--IprefernottoYououghttohavefinishedyourworkIknowIoughttohaveChinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobeExamples_________________________________________动词不定式省略to的情况归纳*1当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是make,let,have或lookat,see,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel等，不定式不带to.*2.在下列结构后hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,cannotbut（不得不，必然，不能不）,can’thelpbut=can’tchoosebutdo等*3.whynot…表建议*4.在介词but,except之后，如果其前有实义动词do的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带to.Step5*5不定式andorbutratherthan等表示并列关系的第二个to省略,表示相反关系的不省略第二个toI’dliketogoandseeafilmTheydidn’ttellmewhethertogoonortostopDoyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchTV?IdecidedtowriteratherthanphoneEg.1)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2)Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3)WehadnothingtodobutwatchTV4)AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram注意A.带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词。(不包括why/if)Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?Idon’tknowwhattosay/whattowriteabout/howtodoit无iftodowhytodo结构BTherebe句型中不定式主动被动形式一样Thereisalotofworktodo=thereisalotofworktobedone注意C不定式主动被动形式不一样Haveyouanythingtowash?No,nothing,Iplantogoshopping不定式的执行者是youHaveyouanythingtobewashed?No,thankyou不定式的执行者不是you注意1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(NMET99)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomakePractice2.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.（上海98）A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.3Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake4I’veworked