搜索
人民教育出版社英语必修1Unit1Friendship（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）Grammar下列句子是什么引语？1.Hesaidtohismother,“IwillflytoBeijingtomorrow.”2.Lilysaysshewillcomebackintwohours.3.Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”4.HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechDirectSpeechIndirectSpeechDefinitionDirectSpeech:直接引述别人的原话。IndirectSpeech:转述别人的话。直接引语通常都用____________括起来。“”Comparethefollowingsentences:Shesaid,“Ilikesinging.”→Shesaid(that)shelikedsinging.Shesaid,“Tomiswaitingforabus.”→Shesaid(that)Tomwaswaitingforabus.Shesaidtome,“HaveyouvisitedEuropelastyear?”→SheaskedifIhadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.Shesaid,“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays,Jim?”→SheaskedJimwherehehadbeenthosedays.Shesaidtome,“Don'ttakephotoshere.”→Sheaskedmenottotakephotosthere.GroupActivityTask1：Group1/2直接引语转间接引语的人称变化（personchange）。Task2：Group3/4直接引语转间接引语的时态变化（tensechange）。Task3：Group5/6直接引语转间接引语的状语(adverbial)、指示代词(demonstrativepronoun)、动词(verb)等的变化。一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。•“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变。如：•Shesaid，Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”•→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如：HesaidtoKate，Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.“人称”挑战1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthat_______washavingsupper.2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Ginatoldmethat______hadseenthefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_______hadgonehomewith______sister.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”Theteachersaidthat________wasbiggerthanthemoon.heshesheherthesun5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.Hetoldmethat_____hadmetherthedaybefore.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid(tome).Hesaidthat______hadtogotherebeforefive.7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_______hadboughtthecomputertwoweeksbefore.8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaid(tome).Heaskedif_______hadreadthebooktheweekbefore.heIsheI9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HetoldJimthat_______couldsitthere.10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermotherhow_______hadfoundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked(me).Heaskedmewhere_______hadbeenthosedays.12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked(me).Heaskedif_______knewwhereshelived.hesheII二、如何变时态：时态倒退原则（主句为一般过去时）DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.②直接引语是过去进行时及过去完成时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto）Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.时态挑战1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______havingsupper.2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Ginatoldmethatshe______seenthefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthatshe__________homewithhersister.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”Theteachersaidthatthesun________biggerthanthemoon.washadhadgoneis5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.Hetoldmethathe_________herthedaybefore.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togotherebeforefive.7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.Shesaidthatshe___________thecomputertwoweeksbefore.8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaid.HeaskedifI___________thebooktheweekbefore.hadmethadhadboughthadread9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HetoldJimthathe_______sitthere.10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermotherhowshe__________it.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.HeaskedmewhereI__________thosedays.12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.HeaskedifI________whereshelived.couldhadfoundhadbeenknew三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybeforetoday变为thatdayHesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，here变thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”例：this改为thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“→Hesaidthatbookwashis.ago—before;thismorning—thatmorningyesterday—thedaybefore;tomorrow—thenextdaynextweek—thefollowingweek/thenextweekyesterdaymorning—themorningbefore谓语动词的变化:直接引语:must;come;bring间接引语:hadto;go;takeShesaid,Iwillcomeherethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.GroupActivityTask4：Group1/2陈述句（declarativesentence)Task5：Group3/4一般疑问句(generalquestion)Task6：Group5/6特殊疑问句(specialquestion)解题步骤:1.陈述句“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sandysaidtoherfriends.SandysaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.didn’tsheSandysaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoworkouttheproblem?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoworkouttheproblem.itise