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AThirdReportoftheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram(NCEP)ExpertPanelonDetection,Evaluation,andTreatmentofHighBloodCholesterolinAdults(AdultTreatmentPanelIII)ExecutiveSummaryHighBloodCholesterolEvaluationTreatmentDetectionNATIONALINSTITUTESOFHEALTHNATIONALHEART,LUNG,ANDBLOODINSTITUTENationalCholesterolEducationProgramBDiscriminationProhibited:UnderprovisionsofapplicablepubliclawsenactedbyCongresssince1964,nopersonintheUnitedStatesshall,onthegroundsofrace,color,nationalorigin,handicap,orage,beexcludedfromparticipationin,bedeniedthebenefitsof,orbesubjectedtodiscrimi-nationunderanyprogramoractivity(or,onthebasisofsex,withrespecttoanyeducationprogramoractivity)receivingFederalfinancialassistance.Inaddition,ExecutiveOrder11141prohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofagebycontractorsandsubcontractorsintheperformanceofFederalcontracts,andExecutiveOrder11246statesthatnofederallyfundedcontractormaydiscriminateagainstanyemployeeorapplicantforemploymentbecauseofrace,color,religion,sex,ornationalorigin.Therefore,theNationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitutemustbeoperatedincompliancewiththeselawsandExecutiveOrders.ThirdReportoftheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram(NCEP)ExpertPanelonDetection,Evaluation,andTreatmentofHighBloodCholesterolinAdults(AdultTreatmentPanelIII)ExecutiveSummaryNationalCholesterolEducationProgramNationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstituteNationalInstitutesofHealthNIHPublicationNo.01-3670May2001EvaluationTreatmentDetectionHighBloodCholesteroliAcknowledgementsNationalCholesterolEducationProgramExpertPanelonDetection,Evaluation,andTreatmentofHighBloodCholesterolinAdults(AdultTreatmentPanelIII)Members:ScottM.Grundy,M.D.,Ph.D.–ChairofthePanelDianeBecker,R.N.,M.P.H.,Sc.D.LutherT.Clark,M.D.RichardS.Cooper,M.D.MargoA.Denke,M.D.Wm.JamesHoward,M.D.DonaldB.Hunninghake,M.D.D.RogerIllingworth,M.D.,Ph.D.RussellV.Luepker,M.D.,M.S.PatrickMcBride,M.D.,M.P.H.JamesM.McKenney,Pharm.D.RichardC.Pasternak,M.D.,F.A.C.C.NeilJ.Stone,M.D.LindaVanHorn,Ph.D,R.D.Ex-officioMembers:H.BryanBrewer,Jr.,M.D.JamesI.Cleeman,M.D.–ExecutiveDirectorofthePanelNancyD.Ernst,Ph.D.,R.D.DavidGordon,M.D.,Ph.D.DanielLevy,M.D.BasilRifkind,M.D.JacquesE.Rossouw,M.D.PeterSavage,M.D.Consultants:StevenM.Haffner,M.D.DavidG.Orloff,M.D.MichaelA.Proschan,Ph.D.J.SanfordSchwartz,M.D.ChristopherT.Sempos,Ph.D.Staff:SusanT.Shero,R.N.,M.S.ElaineZ.MurrayExecutiveCommitteeLiaisonandReviewersoftheFullReportExecutiveCommitteeLiaisontothePanel:StephenHavas,M.D.,M.P.H.,M.S.ReviewersoftheFullReportofATPIII:EugeneBraunwald,M.D.,W.VirgilBrown,M.D.,AlanChait,M.D.,JamesE.Dalen,M.D.,ValentinFuster,M.D.,Ph.D.,HenryN.Ginsberg,M.D.,AntonioM.Gotto,M.D.,D.Phil.,RonaldM.Krauss,M.D.,JohnC.LaRosa,M.D.,F.A.C.P.,ThomasH.Lee,Jr.,M.D.,LindaMeyers,Ph.D.,MichaelNewman,M.D.,ThomasPearson,M.D.,Ph.D.,DanielJ.Rader,M.D.,FrankM.Sacks,M.D.,ErnstJ.Schaefer,M.D.,SheldonG.Sheps,M.D.,LynnA.Smaha,M.D.,Ph.D.,SidneyC.Smith,Jr.,M.D.,JeremiahStamler,M.D.,DanielSteinberg,M.D.,Ph.D.,NanetteK.Wenger,M.D.NationalCholesterolEducationProgramCoordinatingCommitteeTheThirdReportoftheNationalCholesterolEducationExpertPanelonDetection,Evaluation,andTreatmentofHighBloodCholesterolinAdultswasapprovedbytheNationalCholesterolEducationProgramCoordinatingCommittee,whichcomprisesthefollowingorganizationalrepresentatives:MemberOrganizationsNationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstituteClaudeLenfant,M.D.(Chair)JamesI.Cleeman,M.D.(Coordinator)AmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysiciansTheodoreG.Ganiats,M.D.AmericanAcademyofInsuranceMedicineGaryGraham,M.D.AmericanAcademyofPediatricsRonaldE.Kleinman,M.D.AmericanAssociationofOccupationalHealthNursesPamelaHixon,B.S.N.,R.N.,C.O.H.N-SAmericanCollegeofCardiologyRichardC.Pasternak,M.D.,F.A.C.C.AmericanCollegeofChestPhysiciansGeraldT.Gau,M.D.AmericanCollegeofNutritionHarryPreuss,M.D.AmericanCollegeofObstetriciansandGynecologistsThomasC.Peng,M.D.AmericanCollegeofOccupationalandEnvironmentalMedicineRuthAnnJordan,M.D.AmericanCollegeofPreventiveMedicineLewisH.Kuller,M.D.,Dr.P.H.AmericanDiabetesAssociation,Inc.AlanJ.Garber,M.D.,Ph.D.iiiiiAmericanDieteticAssociationLindaVanHorn,Ph.D.,R.D.AmericanHeartAssociationScottM.Grundy,M.D.,Ph.D.AmericanHospitalAssociationSandraCornett,R.N.,Ph.D.AmericanMedicalAssociationYankD.Coble,Jr.,M.D.AmericanNursesAssociationTobenamedAmericanOsteopathicAssociationMichaelClearfield,D.O.AmericanPharmaceuticalAssociationJamesM.McKenney,Pharm.D.AmericanPublicHealthAssociationStephenHavas,M.D.,M.P.H.,M.S.AmericanRedCrossDonaldVardell,M.S.AssociationofBlackCardiologistsKarolWatson,M.D.,Ph.D.AssociationofStateandTerritorialHealthOfficialsJoanneMitten,M.H.E.CitizensforPublicActiononBloodPressureandCholesterol,Inc.GeraldJ.Wilson,M.A.,M.B.A.NationalBlackNursesAssociation,Inc.LindaBurnes-Bolton,Dr.P.H.,R.N.,M.S.N.,F.A.A.N.NationalMedicalAssociationLutherT.Clark,M.D.SocietyforNutritionEducationDarleneLansing,M.P.H.,R.D.SocietyforPublicHealthEducationDonaldO.Fedder,Dr.P.H.,M.P.H.AssociateMemberOrganizationAmericanAssociationofOfficeNursesJoyceLoganFederalAgenciesNHLBIAdHocCommitteeonMinorityPopulationsYvonne