英语演讲课件7

SpeakingtoPersuade--ethos,pathos,logosDr.JiangboWan2012-9-19Hethatcannotreasonisafool.Hethatwillnotisabigot.Hethatdarenotisaslave.-AndrewCarnegiePurposestoserveinpublicspeakingSpeakingtopersuade-persuasion-Definition-Targetaudience-3typesofissueinpersuasion-3channelstopersuadeyouraudience-rhetoric[definitionandmodesofpersuasion]ChapterHighlightsWhatispersuasion?Howdoyousumupthepsychologyofpersuasion?Whoarethetargetaudienceofapersuasivespeech?Whatisrhetoricabout?QuestionstoAddressSpeakingtoInform;SpeakingtoPersuade;SpeakingtoFitinSpecialOccasions.PurposestoServewhenSpeakinginPublicSpeakingtoInform;SpeakingtoPersuade;SpeakingtoFitinSpecialOccasions.PurposestoServeinPublicSpeakingPersuasion:Theprocessofcreating,reinforcing,changingpeople'sbeliefsoractions.--Lucas(2010:193)SpeakingtoPersuadeAmentalgive-and-takebetweenspeakerandlistener.--Lucas(2010:195)Persuasion:Theportionofaudiencethatthespeakermostwantstopersuade.TargetAudience3TypesofIssueinPersuasion1.Issuesoffact;2.Issuesofvalue;3.Issuesofpolicy.Appealtoethos;Appealtologos;Appealtopathos.3ChannelstoPersuadeYourAudiencePerceptionofaspeaker’scompetenceandcharacter:1.Explaincompetence2.Establishcommonground3.Speakexpressively&withconviction4.Followethicalnormsandvaluesethos:codeofgoodconductUseemotionallanguageDevelopvividexamplesSpeakwithsincerityandconvictionPathos:emotionalappealsEvidence&reasoningLogos:logicalappealsMakeyourpointclearintheverybeginning.Beenthusiasticwithyourproposal.Givesupportstoyourpoint.Classifyyourideasbygivingsignposts.TipsAboutRhetoricGorgias(c.485–c.380BC),Greeksophist,pre-socraticphilosopherandrhetorician.Socrates(c.469BC–399BC),classicalGreekAthenianphilosopher.Aristotle(384BC–322BC),Greekphilosopherandpolymath,astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat.AboutRhetoricDialoguebetweenGorgiasandSocratesSource:(2012/9/19)DefinitionofRhetoricRhetoricmaybedefinedasthefacultyofobservinginanygivencasetheavailablemeansofpersuasion.-Aristotle'sRhetoricAristotleRhetoricmaybedefinedasthefacultyofobservinginanygivencasetheavailablemeansofpersuasion.-Aristotle'sRhetoric→Compare修辞AristotleOfthemodesofpersuasionfurnishedbythespokenwordtherearethreekinds:thefirstkinddependsonthepersonalcharacterofthespeaker[ethos];thesecondonputtingtheaudienceintoacertainframeofmind[pathos];thethirdontheproof,orapparentproof,providedbythewordsofthespeechitself[logos].-Aristotle'sRhetoricAristotle:Thereare,then,thesethreemeansofeffectingpersuasion.Themanwhoistobeincommandofthemmust,itisclear,beable:(1)toreasonlogically,(2)tounderstandhumancharacterandgoodnessintheirvariousforms,and(3)tounderstandtheemotions-thatis,tonamethemanddescribethem,toknowtheircausesandthewayinwhichtheyareexcited.-Aristotle'sRhetoricAristotle:Whenwebasetheproofofapropositiononanumberofsimilarcases,thisisinductionindialectic,exampleinrhetoric;whenitisshownthat,certainpropositionsbeingtrue,afurtherandquitedistinctpropositionmustalsobetrueinconsequence,whetherinvariablyorusually,thisiscalledsyllogismindialectic,enthymemeinrhetoric.-Aristotle'sRhetoricAristotle:Exampleofenthymeme:1.Allpeoplearemortal.(generalstatement)2.Socratesisaperson.(minorpremise)3.Therefore,Socratesismortal.(specificconclusion)Aristotle:Therearethreedivisionsoforatory:(1)political,(2)forensic,and(3)theceremonialoratoryofdisplay.--Aristotle'sRhetoricAristotleIn-ClassExerciseGivea3-minutepersuasivespeech.BibliographyStephenE.Lucas.APS.FLTRP.2010.