《英语翻译概论》PPT课件

翻译南方医科大学外国语学院金敏娜NoticeThisisanintroductioncoursetotranslationandinterpretation,sostudentsarejustthebeginners.Pleasedonotsetaveryambitiousgoal,andnevertakeyouasatranslatororaninterpreter.Ifso,youwillfeelgreatlydiscouragedandfrustrated.•Instructor•金敏娜•Mina•主修：翻译理论与实践•获英语语言文学硕士学位实践活动（before2009）•口译：•参加各类会议、活动口译20余场•担任省、市政府领导随行口译•比利时前总理访华生活口译实践活动（before2009）•笔译•翻译各类文字二十余万字•发表译文数篇•发表相关论文数篇联系方式•[e-mail]•13688861015Outlineofthiscourse•翻译概论•英汉语言的差异•笔译基本技巧•口译基本技巧•翻译考试介绍•测试•你最希望在翻译课上学到什么？第一讲翻译概论南方医科大学外国语学院金敏娜Outline•Definitionsoftranslation•Processoftranslation•Prerequisitesfortranslators•Criteriaoftranslation•Keytermsoftranslating•practices•What’stranslation?唐朝(618-907)贾公彦《义疏》“译即易，为换易言语使相解也”宋代(960-1279)法云(1088-1158)《翻译名义集》“夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。音虽似别，义则大同.”Translationistheinterpretationofthemeaningofatextfromonelanguageintoanotherlanguage,ofanequivalenttextthatcommunicatesthesamemessage.EugeneA.NidaTranslatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.翻译,是在译语中用切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。首先是意义,其次是文体。WhattranslationisSOURCECULTURESOURCETEXTSOURCEMEANINGTARGETCULTURETARGETTEXTTARGETMEANINGTranslationSourceLanguage(e.g.English)transferTargetLanguage(e.g.Arabic)WrittenTextSourceLanguage(e.g.English)transferTargetLanguage(e.g.Arabic)SpokenDiscourseInterpretationTranslation-withtimeandaccesstoresourcessuchasdictionaries-ThereisaveryhighstandardofaccuracyfortranslationInterpretation-usuallytakesplaceonthespotwiththeclientspresent-dealswithutterances(althoughthesourcelanguagemaybeatext).•Theprocessoftranslation•87.Youwouldnothavefailedifyouhad_____________.(按照我的指令去做)88.Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever___________________.(放弃对知识的追求)•89.Scientistsagreethatitwillbealongtimebefore___________.(我们找到治愈癌症的方法)•90.Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto__________.(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步)•91.Themoreexerciseyoutake,___________.(你越不大可能感冒)•87.followedmyinstructions•88.gaveuppursuingknowledge•89.wefindthemethodsofcuringcancers•90.keeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasingdemandsofconsumers•91.thefewerchancesyouwillhaveofcatchingacold•Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformercasetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.46Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.•Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.47Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld'sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.•46.尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。•47.这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。•第一档：很好地完成了试题规定的任务，理解准确无误，表达通顺清楚，没有错译漏译•第二档：基本完成了试题规定的任务，理解基本准确，表达比较通顺，没有重大错译漏译•第三档：未能按要求完成试题规定的任务，理解原文不够准确，表达欠通顺，有明显错译漏译。•理解+表达（言）甲（原语）乙（译语）（言）（象）（分析）（意）X（传译）Y（意）（重构）（象）理解阶段表达阶段图1：奈达的翻译过程模式翻译中的形象思维过程模式（言）甲（原语）乙（译语）（言）（象）（分析）（意）X（传译）Y（意）（重构）（象）理解阶段表达阶段图1：奈达的翻译过程模式翻译中的形象思维过程模式图1：奈达的翻译过程模式翻译中的形象思维过程模式ProcessofTranslation:EugeneA.NidaProcessofTranslation(1)阅读Reading:Readingfromtheperspectiveofatranslatoristotallydifferentfromeverydayreading.•firstreading:generalreadingformainidea,theme,background•secondreading:carefulreadingfordetails•finalreading:stylisticfeatures,spiritProcessofTranslation(2)理解Understanding:Atthisstage,weshouldbearinmindalltheparticipantsinvolvedinthetranslatingprocess.1)contextualanalysisTheslumsofferedanuglycontrasttotheclassicalgrandeurofofficialWashington.ThebaseballseasonopensthisafternoonandIsuspectthatmostofofficialWashingtonareoutatthefield,includingthepresidentandmanyofthemembersoftheCabinet.2)logicalanalysisTheoldmaninformedusthathiswifehadthirteenchildren,oneineverymonthoftheyearandoneoverbesides.ProcessofTranslation(3)表达Expressing:a)Toexpressthecontentandinthemeantimekeeptheoriginalformmainlyincludingstructurearrangement,image,figureofspeech,etc.•我从乡下跑到城里来，一转眼已经六年了。•Sixyearshavepassedbyinaflash/inatwinklesinceIcametothecityfromthecountryside.b)Keeptheoriginalcontent,sacrificingtheform.•有个农村叫张家庄，张家庄有个张木匠，张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞蛾”，“小飞蛾”生了个女儿叫艾艾。•TherewasavillagecalledZhangjiaVillage,wherelivedCarpenterZhang,whohadagoodwife,nicknamedlittleMoth,whogavebirthtoagirlcalledAi’ai.(4)Re-expressinga)ImprovingChinesereadability•Cottonfeelssoft.•棉花使人感到柔软。——棉花摸上去柔软。•Evenifyougothere,therewouldn'tbeanyresult.•即使你去了，也不会有什么结果。——你去了也是白去。b)Gettingridoftheboundoforiginalwords•Anypersonnotleavinglitterinthisbasketwillbeliablet