_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹.名词一导入:有一天,一只老钟对一只小钟说:“你一年里要摆525600下啦。”小钟吓坏了,说“哇,这么多,这怎么可能?!我怎么能完成那么多下呢!”这时候,另一只老钟笑着说:“不用怕,你只需一秒钟摆一下,每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”小钟高兴了,想着:一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊,试试看吧。果然,很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了,小钟已经摆了525600下!很简单的故事,却寓意着深刻的道理,当我们面对大困难的时候,往往望而怯步,孰不知只要根据实际,分期制定小目标,一一完成就行了。二专题讲解:掌握要点:名词的分类(专有名词和普通名词)名词的数1)区分可数名词和不可数名词,区分方法2)可数名词的复数变化,分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式:’s所有格及of所有格知识点:一、名词的分类1.专有名词:名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期(节日、星期、月份)例句:MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.2.普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:water、air、wood不可数名词抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:danger、interest区分方法:将物体分成两半,如果每半不能叫原名,则为可数名词,如果还可叫原名,则为不可数名词。注:有些单词意义发生变化,单复数也发生变化,例:glass作玻璃杯时可数,作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷(几根)头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidealifework_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹.可数练习题主意/意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】(1)family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数,强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数;(2)部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念:①police指警察、警官的总称,本身表示复数。Thepolice(主语)+谓语动词复数②people指人们、人民,本身表示复数。(The)…people+谓语动词复数people指民族,有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式(1)规则变化:名词的复数构成,通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情况在词尾直接加s,例bags。2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es,例bus-busesbox-boxes。3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,y变成i加-es例city-cities;以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接加s。4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es,其余直接加s。5、以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v加es,roof、proof直接加-s,例life-liveswife-wivesroof–roofs。(2)不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数,口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面例:anEnglishman-EnglishmenanAmerican-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类:表示动物的名词deer鹿,fish鱼,sheep绵羊,bison野牛,crab螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人,Swiss瑞士人,kin亲属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft飞机,aircraft飞机,spacecraft太空船表示数量的名词Hundred百,thousand千,million百万,dozen一打,score二十其他series系列;species种类;means方法_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹.(3)不可数名词一般只用单数,它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例:acupofcoffee(一杯咖啡)twoglassesofmilk(两杯牛奶)threepiecesofpaper(三张纸)fourbottlesofwater(四杯水)三、名词所有格含义:名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式:一种是’s所有格,一种是of所有格BeijingisChina’scapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.ThisisTom’sbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.Lilyisthekey’sowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.1、’s所有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词,只需在词尾加’s,如Lucy’spen路西的钢笔Children’sDay(儿童节);以s结尾的复数名词,只加’,如thestudents’books学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西,只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s,如LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有,则每个名词都加’s,如Lucy’sandLily’sdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of所有格:1).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom2).双重所有格:of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).Issheadaughterof__________(you)?典型例题讲解1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________._____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions三巩固训练:1.Thisis___reading-room.A.theteacher’sB.teacher’sC.teacher’sD.theteachers’2.Nothingwasfoundbut___broken.A.theroomwindowB.theroom’swindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom3.Howmany___wouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.Hewaspraisedforhis___.A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbrave5.Pleasegetmeanew___whenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers6.Thereare34___doctorsinthehospital.A.woman