英语报刊选读第一章-文体概述

第一部分文体概述Functions/CharacteristicsHeadlinesaretheeyesofthenewsAtatimewhenthepaceoflifeisgettingfasterandfaster,everythingseemstobebiddingforpeople’sattention,thenewspapersarenoexception.Wemustknowthatthenewsstorieswhichshouldbeimportant,timely,uniqueandinterestingmustbewrittenconciselyandclearly.Agoodheadlineinitselfisagoodpieceofbriefnews,itshouldbeWhat’stoday’sheadline?今天的头条新闻是什么？MainstoryTopstoryconcise,expressive,andattractiveHeadlinescondensethemostimportantcontentsofthenews,whichserveasanidealguidetoreaders.LeadstoryHeadlinesareasignificantpartofnewsreport.Youcanbeabetterreaderifyouknowwhattoexpectinanewspaper.Whenyoureadanewspaper,youusuallylookattheheadlinesfirst.1.Summarizingthestory2.Arousingthereader’sinterest3.savingthespace,beautifyingthelayout4.Indicatinghowmuchimportanceeachnewsitemhas1.Don’twastewords2.Don’twastespace!3.Neverusetwowordswhenoneisenough.Identifythefeaturesofthefollowingheadline:GrammarandlexicalfeaturesTherulesforthewritingofheadlines:Wanda,Baidu,Tencenttospend20byuanine-commerceJVin5yrs2014-08-29,And(标点)20b20billion(首字母)e-commerceElectroniccommerce(新造词)JVJointventure（首字母）yrsyrs（节缩词）()toare（时态省略）spendinvest(短小词)About20billionyuan($3.3billion)willbeinjectedintoanelectroniccommercejointventureformedbyDalianWandaGroupCoLtd,TencentHoldingsLtdandBaiduIncinthenextfiveyears,Wanda'schairmanWangJianlinsaidonFriday.Thefirststepofnewsreading---Headlinese（标题语言）:Newspaperheadlineshavealanguageandvocabularyoftheirownaswellastheuniquegrammaticalfeatures(英语新闻标题有其一套独特的词汇、语法、和修辞形式)fromaspectsofwords,grammarandrhetoricaldevicesIncluding:shortwords（短小词）,shortenedwords（节缩词）,coinages（生造词）simplifiedtense,voice,punctuationheadlines新闻标题就是十分理想的“向导”。这是因为标题是新闻内容的集中和概括，它用简练的文字浓缩了新闻中最主要或最值得注意的内容。英语新闻标题的措词、语法、修辞乃至标点符号等方面的特点较为突出，现一一予以简述。（1）Grammaticalfeatures（语法特点）（2）Lexicalfeatures（措词特点）（3）Rhetoricalfeatures（修辞特点）1.Omission（省略）:省略是指省去非关键性的词语，保证标题的简短省略:(theomissionofthefunctionwords)：asentenceonlycontainsnotionalwords(orcontentwords实义词),omittingthefunctionones（虚词）,suchasthearticle,prep.,auxiliary,pronoun,conj.(and)虚词多是起结构作用的次要语言成分。标题中虚词省略现象主要表现在以下几个方面：Omissionofarticles/pronoun/“and”/auxiliaryverbs1)冠词基本省略(omittingarticles)MissourifairbansrodeoclownwearingObamamask2013-08-14TheMissouriStateFaironMondayimposedalifetimebanonarodeoclownwhosedepictionofPresidentBarackObamagettingchargedbyabullwaswidelycriticizedbyDemocraticandRepublicanofficialsalike.Therodeoclownwon'tbeallowedtoparticipateorperformatthefairagain.Fairofficialssaythey'realsoreviewingwhethertotakeanyactionagainsttheMissouriRodeoCowboyAssociation,thecontractorresponsibleforSaturday'sevent.1.TheMissourifairbansarodeoclownwearinganObamamask扮成奥巴马表演,美一小丑被禁演Microsoftoffers$200tokenforusediPads[2013-09-16(Source:BBCNews)MicrosofthaslaunchedaUSmarketingofferforpeopletoexchangegentlyusediPadsforMicrosoftproductssuchasSurfacetablets.Thecompanyisofferingatleasta$200tokentogotowardsproductssuchastheSurfaceRTandtheSurfacePro.（平板电脑）MicrosoftisfarbehindAppleintermsofglobaltabletsalesandmarketshare.Microsoftoffersa$200tokenfortheusediPads微软提供200美元代金券回收iPad4.ForObama,RacialViolenceisPersonalIssue4.UNPanelMeetsonGlobalAging.ForObama,theRacialViolenceisaPersonalIssue对于奥巴马来说，种族暴力是个人问题AUNPanelMeetsontheGlobalAging联合国小组开会商讨全球性老龄化问题2)连词“and”的省略(omittingconjunction“and”)Israel,HamasExchangeRocketFireasCease-Fire,TruceTalksCollapse2014-8-20Israeliforces（以色列政府军）arecontinuingtocarryoutairstrikesintheGazaStrip,whilemilitants（哈马斯，伊斯兰抵抗运动）therefiremoremissilestowardIsraelfollowingthecollapseofpeacetalksbetweenthewarringsides.TheIsraelimilitarysaidWednesdayitconducted30airstrikesovernight,andthatmilitantshadlaunchedsome70missilesfromthePalestinianterritory.IsraelandHamasExchangeRocketFireasCease-FireandTruceTalksCollapse**和谈破裂以色列哈马斯再度交火**巴勒斯坦伊斯兰抵抗运动（”HAMAS(IslamicResistanceMovement)），简称哈马斯(Hamas)，集宗教性、政治性为一体的哈马斯主张用武力消灭巴土地上的犹太复国主义者，主张建立一个以耶路撒冷为首都的独立的巴勒斯坦国。China,Japan,ROKconcludelatestFTAtalks[2014-09-0519:17]China,Japan,andtheRepublicofKorea(ROK)concludedtheirfifthroundofFreeTradeAgreement(FTA)talkshereonFriday.India,Australiafinalizenuclearcooperationpact[2014-09-0517:10]IndiaandAustraliafinalizedtheirnuclearenergydealFridaywhichwillallowAustraliatoexporturaniumtoIndia.China,JapanandROKconcludethelatestFTAtalks自由贸易谈判IndiaandAustraliafinalizethenuclearcooperationpact原子能合作协议.PrinceWilliamandhiswifeKateareexpectingtheirsecondbaby3)人称关系代词的省略relativepronounisomitted1.PrinceWilliam,Kateexpectingsecondbaby2014-09-082.Chineseman,daughterarrestedinallegedmarriagescam2015-09-10AChinesemanandhisdaughterwerearrestedinanallegedmarriagescamPresidentXiJinpingleftBeijingTuesdayafternoonforhisUSvisitandattendanceataseriesofUNsummits.Thestatevisit,fromTuesdaytoFriday,takesXiandfirstladyPengLiyuantoWashingtonDCandtotheUShigh-techhubofSeattle,whereXiwillreachouttoawiderangeofUSsocietyincludingbusinessleaders,studentsandlocalofficials.HewillalsospendthreedaysinNewYorkCityattendingaseriesofsummitsattheUnitedNationsheadquartersmarkingthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheglobalbody.3.Presi