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句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质、状态或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,分词，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语，分词或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾补逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.放在vt或prep之后放在系动词之后放在宾语之后修饰限制补充说明名词或代词能翻译成“的”的Exercises1.Theonlytruefriendwasherdiary.(U1)2.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects.(U2)3.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.(U2)4.WangweiwenttosleepbutIstayedawake.(U3)5.Itwassocoldthatourwaterbottlesfroze.(U3)6.Hedidn’tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn’tknow．7.Youhadtogetthebikerepaired.(U1)8.Istillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem.(U1)英语中的句子类型：三种1.简单句：（只有一套主谓结构）Iamastudent.IlikeEnglish.2.并列句：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上的简单句and,but,or,soHeisastudentandIamateacher.3.复合句：由从属连词连接主句和从句。that,what,who,when,whereasif,evenif,because,sothatS+VS+V+OS+V+O+OS+V+O+OCS+V+P复合句形容词性从句----名词性从句-------副词性从句-------定语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句练习:简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句,并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句并列句复合句简单句简单句TheAttributiveclause1定语从句GrammarUnit4A_______________flowerThisisan______________tree.Thereare______apples.我的新衣服______________coat.A_____________girlabeautifulfloweranappletreefiveapplesmynewcoatacryinggirlIhavesomethingtodoboiledwaterthebookonthedeskthegirlwhoisinredWhatareattributes(定语)?Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.4.Thisisabasket,whichIwanttoputflowersin.修饰,限定限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句n./pron.一定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当形容词的作用在句中作定语。被修饰的词叫做先行词，连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词.ThegirlwhoisbraveandcleverisMary.主句定语从句先行词关系词e.g.ThegirlisMary.Maryisbraveandclever.关系词关系代词关系副词定语从句限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句二分类A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrapped.关系词通常有下列三个作用：先行词关系词定语从句关系代词篇whowhomwhosethataswhich代人代物代人/物Thewoman_____________________isateacher.Example:1.a)Thewomanisateacher.b)Thewomanlivesnextdoor.Jointhetwosentences,usingtheattributiveclause.who/thatlivesnextdoorThewoman__________________livesnextdoor.who/thatisateacher2.a)Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.b)TheplaywaswrittenbyLaoShe.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.3.a)Theyoungmanisafamouswriter.b)Yousawtheyoungmanyesterday4.a)Thisisthehouse.b)LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.5.a)Iknowthedoctor.b)Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.c)Hiscoatiswhite.Thisisthehousewhich/thatLuXunoncelivedin.Iknowthedoctorwhosedaughterstudiesabroad.Iknowthedoctorwhosecoatiswhite.Theyoungman(whom/that)yousawyesterdayisafamouswriter.a)Hedidn’tpasstheexam.b)Itmadehimupset.Hedidn’tpasstheexam，whichmadehimupsetHaveatry指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.主语宾语定语宾语定语宾语引导词——关系词的分类关系代词指代成分who人主语/（宾语）whom人（宾语）whose人/物定语that人/物主语/（宾语）/表语which物/事主语/（宾语）/表语as人/物/事主语/宾语/表语1.Theonemillionpeopleofthecity,____thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.2.Thenumberofpeople_____werekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.3.ItwasfeltinBeijing,______ismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.whowhowhich5.Ahugecrack____waseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.thatwhose6.Hesawahouse________windowswereallbroken.7.Mandelawastheblacklawyerto______Iwentforadvice.whom只用that不用which的六种情况Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰时。(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰。^^(5)当先行词是系动词be后面的表语时，关系代词用that.(4)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物,用关系代词thatWeweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandtheschoolsthatwehadvisitedthere.⑥当主句时以who,which,或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry？Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.^^1.Pleasetakeanyseat____isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that2.All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC3、Thisistheonlything_____Icandonow.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC^as引导定语从句：1.用于固定结构之中，如thesame….as,as….as,so…..as,such……as.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.Suchbooksasyouboughtareusef