牛津译林版8B-Unit2-现在完成时延续性动词

Presentperfecttense—sinceandfor8BUnit2Grammar2Ihavebeento________.Wehavebeenin_____forfivedays.TheGreatWallWeuse‘have(has)been’toexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandhasalreadycomeback.某人去过某地，现在已经回来了。EddiehasbeentoSouthHillmanytimes.Itisveryniceandhewantstogothereagain.Forexample:Weuse‘have(has)gone’toexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandisstillthere.某人去了某人，现在仍然在那儿，还没回来。Forexample:MillieandAmyhavegonetothebookshoptobuysomebooksontravelling.Theywillbebackinanhour.Daniel:(1)_____youever____(be)toHongkong,Millie?Millie:No,butI(2)_________(be)toAustraliawithmyparents.Daniel:Oh,that’sgreat!(3)_____you______(visit)thefamousOperaHouseinSydney?HavebeenhavebeenHavevisitedMillie:Yes,we(4)_________(be)totheOperaHouse.Itwaswonderful!Lookatthephotos.Daniel:Wow!TheOperaHouseisreallywonderful,andyoulookgreatinthephotos.Haveyouvisitedanyotherinterestingplaces?havebeenMillie:We(5)_________(be)tothebeach.Lookatthisone.Isn’titbeautiful?Daniel:Yes,thebeachisverybeautiful.IsawAndythere,too.Millie:Yes.He(6)_________(go)therewithhisfamily.havebeenwentDaniel:Really?I(7)___________(notsee)himforsometime.He(8)___________(notcome)backyet.Millie:Heandhisfamily(9)_________(go)toShanghaitovisithisgrandparents.Theywillcomebacktomorrowmorning.haven’tseenhasn’tcomehavegone小试身手选用havebeento或havegoneto的适当形式填空。1.MyfatherBeijing.Hewillbebackintwodays.2.TheGreenstheUSAtwice.3.A:Whereisyourauntnow?Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.B:SheXiamen.4.______youever___________HongKongDisneyland?5.A:TomNanjing?B:Yes.Hehasn’tcomebackyet.hasgonetohavebeentohasgonetoHavebeentoHasgonetoStep一、现在完成时复习用法1：现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词have/has(not)+V-ed（过去分词）Look!Theblackboardissocleannow.Hehascleanedtheblackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。•用法2：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来•Hehastaughtheresince1993.•Hehastaughthereforabout20years.•Mikehasstudiedinthisschoolsincelastyear.•Mikehaslivedinthatvillagefornearlytenyears.Mikeborrowedthebookstwodaysago.Mikehaskeptthebooksfortwodays.WehavelearntEnglish_____3years.______3yearsago._____we_______(come)hereforsincecame_______________________HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?for+一段时间since+过去的时间点/句子就画线提问用howlongsinceStep二、for用法1、当我们谈论一段时间时用for,谈论过去时间点用since1).MrDonghaslivedhereformanyyears.2).MrDonghaslivedheresincehewasborn.2、一些动词如come,go,leave,但它们在肯定句中不能与for，since连用。1).HehasleftBeijingforaweek.2).HehasnotleftBeijingyet.3).HehasbeenawayfromBeijingforaweek.×√√4.Hehasboughtacarsince2007.5.Hehasnotboughtanycarsince2007.6.Hehashadacarsince2007.3、for和since的用法及区别1.since的四种用法1).since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、eg.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在这儿。2).since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。√√×3).since+从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。4).Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成为英语老师有两年了。4、for和since区别1),Since+时间点，具体时间，“自从、、、以来，从、、、以后”,用来说明动作起始时间IhavebeeninBeijingsince2010.2),For+时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.(对)Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（误）5、延续性动词和终止性动词英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。1),延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等2),终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。6、延续性动词的用法特征1).延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2),延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.7.终止性动词的用法特征1).终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？2).终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.Step三常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。buy–havegoout–beoutleave–beawaybegin/start–beoncome/go–bein/atborrow–keepjoin–beamemberof/beindie–bedeadcatchacold–haveacoldbecome–befallasleep–beasleepopen–beopengettoknow–knowclose-beclosedarrive-bein/atgetmarried-bemarriedfallill→beillgetup→beupcatchacold→haveacold例子：1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词。keptbeenonIhaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.他们来这儿已经两天了。HehasjoinedtheLeaguefortwoyears.他已入团两年了。Themanhasdiedforseveralyears.这个人已经死了几年了。hadbeenbeeninbeendead•Step四、同义句转换•1.Theygotmarriedthreeyearsago.•They_______marriedforthreeyears.•2.WebegantolearnEnglishin2008.•We____