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1简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）__________：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）_____________：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）___________：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）___________：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种：______句：______句：_______句：1)e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.Summary:只有一个____（或并列____）和一个____（或并列____）的句子是_______________。2)e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Summary:由________（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把_____或_____上的简单句连在一起构成的句子是____________。3）e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Hewantedtoknowwhenhisfatherwouldcomeback.TheboywhoissittingbehindMrSmithisXiaoMing.Summary:含有_____或____以上从句的句子是_______。（主从）复合句包含：_______从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、______从句和______从句。（二）简单句包含六种基本句型，掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。（注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。）英语六种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型六：Therebe结构(Therebe+主+。。。)基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语等做状语。ＳＶi（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.He4.Theyflies.rose.isplayinghavegone练习1.试着拓展以上的句子，你可以给主语添加定语，或是在谓语动词后面加上时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，或原因状语等。练习2.请将下列句子进行适当的成份缩减。21.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.2.ThemanwhoissittinginthecornerisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.3.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown.4.Everydaytheteachergivesmeapieceofpapertopractisemyhandwriting.5.PeterwassoexcitedwhenhereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriendtovisitChongqing6.Inordertoattractthestudents’attentioninclass,myEnglishteacheralwaysmakesherclasslivelyandinteresting.练习3.改错1.Thegirldancingunderthetree.2.Hewrotecarefulontheblackboard.基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分以下几种：1.be动词。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用，表状态；2.look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示感官；3.get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化；4.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义:stay,prove,remain,standＳＶ（是系动词）Ｐ(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.He5.Hisfaceissmells(闻)feltisturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.tallandstrong.red.练习1.用主系表结构描述你的一位同学，看你的同桌是否能猜出他/她是谁______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.用主系表结构描写你的父亲/母亲/__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.用主系表结构描写45团一中校园。（可以用Therebe句型）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Nowitisautumnandyouareinaorchard(果园)。Use“look,sound,feel,smell,taste”todescribewhatyoufeel.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Youhaven’tseenyourfriendfor5years.Use“grow,become,turn,get”todescribehis/herchanges.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________36.Makesentenceswith“stay/keepcalm(镇定的),stayawake”andyouhavetogiveansituation/reasoninyoursentences.Eg.Istayedawakebecauseitwasnoisyoutside.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.找出下列句子中的错误1)Theteacherwillhereinaminute.2)Thatcanfun3)Thecakesmellswell.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。ＳＶ（实义动词）Ｏ(宾语)1.Who2.She3.They4.Iknowslaughedatatewanttheanswer?her.someapples.tohaveacupoftea.Exercise1:Addanobjecttoeachsentencebelow.1.Weshouldhelp_______.2.Ienjoy________________.3.Hehates________________.Exercise2:Answerthefollowingquestions1.Whatdidyoubuyintheshopyesterday?2.Whatdoyoualwayseataftersupper?3.Whatdoyoulikebest,football,basketballorvolleyball?基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）一些及物动词后可以跟两个宾语，这两个宾语常涉及一个人和一件物，人为间接宾语一般放在前面，物为直接宾语一般置后。eg:Hegavehisbrotheranewpen.I’lllendyousomestory-book.而间接宾语置后时，要用一个介词to或for.用to的动词有offerbringcostcausegiveleavelendpaypasspromisesendshowteachtellthrowtaketurnrefusewishwrite用for的有buymakeorderfetchdogetsavesparecooksingfindeg:Canyoupassittome?Heboughtsomeflowersforthenurse.Canyousparemeoneminute?ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）41.She2.She3.She4.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughthimherhusbandyouheranewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.练习1.请置换上面句子中间接宾语与直接宾语的位置，加上合适的介词to/for_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________练习2.Make3similarsentenceswiththewordsabovethetable(表格)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语