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河海大学研究生英语一Unit11~Unit20、24课文及翻译(中英对照版）by晴天学长Unit11TheIks....................................................................................1Unit12Thanksgiving..........................................................................4Unit13NineYearsforAandB.........................................................7Unit14ToErrIsHuman..................................................................11Unit16TheRoleofScienceFiction.................................................15Unit17Newspapers...........................................................................20Unit18ThreeDaystoSee................................................................25Unit19TheEssayist..........................................................................30Unit20CultureShock.......................................................................33Unit24TheCulturalPatterningofTime........................................37Comment[H]:Ik，非洲一部落Comment[H]:游牧民族的Comment[H]:（非洲国家）乌干达Comment[H]:名人、名流Comment[H]:人类学家Comment[H]:憎恶、憎恨Comment[H]:独立的、不依附的Comment[H]:畜生般的、粗暴的Comment[H]:废除、拆卸Comment[H]:推测的Comment[H]:搜索（粮秣）Comment[H]:抢夺、夺取Comment[H]:排便1Unit11TheIksThesmalltribeofIks,formerlynomadichuntersandgatherersinthemountainvalleysofnorthernUganda,havebecomecelebrities,literarysymbolsfortheultimatefateofdisheartened,heartlessmankindatlarge.Twodisastrouslyconclusivethingshappenedtothem:thegovernmentdecidedtohaveanationalpark,sotheywerecompelledbylawtogiveuphuntinginthevalleysandbecomefarmersonpoorhillsidesoil,andthentheywerevisitedfortwoyearsbyananthropologistwhodetestedthemandwroteabookaboutthem.小部落伊克人，曾经在乌干达北部山谷里过着狩猎和采集的游牧民族生活，已变成名人，总体来说，成了最终命运沮丧的、无情的人的人文象征。两件具有灾难性、决定性意义的事情发生在他们身上。政府决定建一座国家公园，所以他们依法被迫放弃在山谷里的狩猎生活，而变成贫瘠的山坡地里的农民。之后，一个憎恶他们的人类学家访问了他们两年，并写了一本关于他们的书。ThemessageofthebookisthattheIkshavetransformedthemselvesintoanirreversiblydisagreeablecollectionofunattached,brutishcreatures,totallyselfishandloveless,inresponsetothedismantlingoftheirtraditionalculture.Moreover,thisiswhattherestofusarelikeinourinnerselves,andwewillallturnintoIkswhenthestructureofoursocietycomesallunhinged.书的主旨是说，伊克人已经将自己变成了无药可救的不友善的人渣，是独立的、野兽般的生物，完全的自私无情。这是对他们分崩离析的传统文化所做出的反应。此外，这也是我们内在本性的模样。当我们的社会结构全部瓦解时，我们都将变成伊克人。Theargumentrests,ofcourse,oncertainassumptionsaboutthecoreofhumanbeings,andisnecessarilyspeculative.Youhavetoagreeinadvancethatmanisfundamentallyabadlot,outforhimselfalone,displayingsuchgracesasaffectionandcompassiononlyaslearnedhabits.Ifyoutakethisview,thestoryoftheIkscanbeusedtoconfirmit.Thesepeopleseemtobelivingtogether,clusteredinsmall,densevillages,buttheyarereallysolitary,unrelatedindividualswithnoevidentuseforeachother.Theytalk,butonlytomakeill-tempereddemandsandcoldrefusals.Theysharenothing.Theyneversing.Theyturnthechildrenouttoforageassoonastheycanwalk,anddeserttheelderstostarvewhenevertheycan,andtheforagingchildrensnatchfoodfromthemouthsofthehelplesselders.Itisameansociety.论点当然是建立在对人性的必要的推测性假设的基础上。首先，你得同意人性本恶，所表现出的喜爱和同情的优雅，仅仅是学到的习性，并非与生俱来。如果你持此观点，伊克人的故事就可以用来佐证。这些人表面上生活在一起，群居在小而密集的村庄，但是他们真的是独立的、没有关联的、对别人毫无明显作用的个人。他们聊天，但仅仅是提出坏脾气的要求，做出冷漠的拒绝。他们毫无分享，从不唱歌。他们将刚会走路的孩子赶出去寻找食物，将老人抛弃任由其饿死。觅食的孩子从无助的老者嘴下抢夺食物。这是个卑鄙自私的社会。Theybreedwithoutloveorevencasualregard.Theydefecateoneachother’sdoorsteps.Theywatchtheirneighborsforsignsofmisfortune,andonlythendotheylaugh.Inthebooktheydoalotoflaughing,havingsomuchbadluck.SeveraltimesComment[H]:使人不快的、令人反感的Comment[H]:奚落；用嘲笑声表示（反对、藐视等）Comment[H]:没兴趣的、没热情的Comment[H]:实质、本质；要素Comment[H]:奇怪的、古怪的Comment[H]:例外的，异常的Comment[H]:反常、变态；畸形、反常的事物Comment[H]:（社会的）弊病、腐败、弊害Comment[H]:不间断的、无休止的2theyevenlaughedattheanthropologist,whofoundthisespeciallyrepellent(onesenses,betweenthelines,thatthescholarisnothimselftheworld’sluckiestman).Worse,theytookhimintothefamily,snatchedhisfood,defecatedonhisdoorstep,andhooteddislikeathim.Theygavehimtwobadyears.他们对待老人孩子没有爱，甚至是粗疏的关心；他们在别人家的门口台阶上排泄；他们仅仅会在看到邻居遭难时才会发笑。在书中，他们时常发笑，因为时常倒霉。有时他们甚至嘲笑这位人类学家，这让他感到尤其的反感（从字里行间可以感觉到，学者在这个世界并不是他想象中的最幸运的人）。更为糟糕的是，他们把他带回家中，抢他的食物，在他的家门口台阶上排泄，奚落厌恶他。他们折磨了他两年。Itisadepressingbook.If,ashesuggests,thereisonlyIknessatthecenterofeachofus,oursolehopeforhangingontothenameofhumanitywillbeinendlesslymendingthestructureofoursociety,anditischangingsoquicklyandcompletelythatwemayneverfindthethreadsintime.Meanwhile,lefttoourselvesalone,solitary,wewillbecomethesamejoyless,zestless,untouchingloneanimals.这是一本令人沮丧的书。如果像他所说，我们每个人心中都只有像伊克人那样的特性，那么我们维系人性之名的唯一希望就是不断地修补我们的社会结构。而这个社会结构变化得如此之快，如此之彻底，结果我们永远也不会及时找到修补的手段。如果仅剩我们自己，我们也将变成没有欢乐的，没有热情的，无动于衷的孤独生物。Butthismaybetoonarrowaview.Foronething,theIksareextraordinary.Theyareabsolutelyastonishing,infact.Theanthropologisthasneverseenpeoplelikethemanywhere,norhaveI.You’dthink,iftheyweresimplyexamplesofthecommonessenceofmankind,they’dseemmorerecognizable.Instead,theyarebizarre,anomalous.Ihaveknownmyshareofpeculiar,difficult,nervous,grabbypeople,butI’veneverencounteredanygenuinely,consistentlydetestablehumanbeingsinallmylife.TheIkssoundsmorelikeabnormalities,maladies.这也许是一种偏见。首先，伊克人是例外的，事实上绝对令人震惊。人类学家从来没有在其他任何地方见过像他们这样的人，我也没有。你想，如果他们代表了人类的共同本质，他们似乎就更容易被辨认出来