中华人民共和国国家环境保护标准HJ760-2015固体废物挥发性有机物的测定顶空-气相色谱法Solidwaste—Determinationofvolatileorganiccompounds—Headspace-gaschromatographymethod(发布稿)本电子版为发布稿。请以中国环境科学出版社出版的正式标准文本为准。2015-10-22发布2015-12-01实施环境保护部发布i目次前言···········································································································II1适用范围·····································································································12规范性引用文件····························································································13方法原理·····································································································14试剂和材料··································································································15仪器和设备··································································································26样品···········································································································27分析步骤·····································································································48结果计算与表示····························································································49精密度和准确度····························································································610质量保证和质量控制·····················································································711废物处理····································································································712注意事项····································································································7附录A(规范性附录)方法的检出限和测定下限·····················································9附录B(资料性附录)方法的精密度和准确度······················································11ii前言为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》,保护环境,保障人体健康,规范固体废物中挥发性有机物的测定方法,制定本标准。本标准规定了测定固体废物中挥发性有机物的顶空-气相色谱法。本标准为首次发布。本标准的附录A为规范性附录,附录B为资料性附录。本标准由环境保护部科技标准司组织制订。本标准主要起草单位:鞍山市环境监测中心站。本标准验证单位:辽宁省环境监测实验中心、沈阳市环境监测中心站、大连市环境监测中心、哈尔滨市环境监测中心站、抚顺市环境监测中心站和辽阳市环境监测站。本标准环境保护部2015年10月22日批准。本标准自2015年12月1日起实施。本标准由环境保护部解释。1固体废物挥发性有机物的测定顶空—气相色谱法警告:试验中所使用的试剂和标准溶液为易挥发的有毒化合物,配制过程应在通风柜中进行操作;应按规定要求佩戴防护器具,避免接触皮肤和衣物。1适用范围本标准规定了测定固体废物中挥发性有机物的顶空—气相色谱法。本标准适用于固体废物和固体废物浸出液中37种挥发性有机物的测定。其它挥发性有机物如果通过验证也适用于本标准。固体废物样品量为2g时,37种目标物的方法检出限为0.003mg/kg~0.04mg/kg,测定下限为0.02mg/kg~0.2mg/kg。固体废物浸出液体积为10ml时,37种目标物的方法检出限为0.6µg/L~10.2µg/L,测定下限为2.4µg/L~40.8µg/L。详见附录A。2规范性引用文件本标准内容引用了下列文件或其中的条款。凡是不注明日期的引用文件,其有效版本适用于本标准。HJ/T20工业固体废物采样制样技术规范HJ/T298危险废物鉴别技术规范HJ/T299固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法HJ/T300固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法3方法原理在一定的温度下,顶空瓶内样品中挥发性有机物向液上空间挥发,产生蒸汽压,在气液固三相达到热力学动态平衡后,气相中的挥发性有机物经气相色谱分离,用火焰离子化检测器检测。以保留时间定性,外标法定量。4试剂和材料4.1实验用水:二次蒸馏水或通过超纯水仪制备的水。使用前需经过空白试验,确认在目标物的保留时间区间内无干扰色谱峰出现。4.2甲醇(CH3OH):农残级或相当级别。通过空白试验,确认在目标物的保留时间区间内无干扰色谱峰出现。4.3氯化钠(NaCl):优级纯。在马弗炉(或箱式电炉)中400℃灼烧4h,置于干燥器中冷却至室温,转移至磨口玻璃瓶中保存。4.4磷酸(H3PO4):优级纯。4.5饱和氯化钠溶液量取500ml实验用水(4.1),滴加几滴磷酸(4.4)调节pH≤2,加入180g氯化钠(4.3),溶解并混匀。于4℃下保存,可保存6个月。4.6标准贮备液:ρ=1000mg/L~5000mg/L。2可直接购买有证标准溶液,也可用标准物质配制。4.7标准使用液:ρ=10mg/L~100mg/L。目标物的标准使用液保存于密实瓶中,保存期为一个月,或参照制造商说明配制。4.8石英砂:分析纯。20目~50目。使用前需通过检验,确认无目标化合物或目标化合物浓度低于方法检出限。4.9载气:高纯氮气(≥99.999%),经脱氧剂脱氧、分子筛脱水。4.10燃气:高纯氢气(≥99.999%),经分子筛脱水。4.11助燃气:空气,经硅胶脱水、活性炭脱有机物。注1:以上所有标准溶液均以甲醇为溶剂,配制或开封后的标准溶液应置于密实瓶中,4℃以下避光保存,保存期一般为30d。使用前应恢复至室温、混匀。5仪器和设备5.1气相色谱仪:具有毛细柱分流/不分流进样口,可程序升温,具火焰离子化检测器(FID)。5.2色谱柱:石英毛细管柱,柱1:60m×0.25mm,膜厚1.4m(6%腈丙苯基、94%二甲基聚硅氧烷固定液),也可使用其它等效毛细柱。柱2:30m×0.32mm,膜厚0.25m(聚乙二醇20M),也可使用其它等效毛细柱。5.3自动顶空进样器:顶空瓶(22ml)、密封垫(聚四氟乙烯/硅氧烷)、瓶盖(螺旋盖或一次使用的压盖)。5.4往复式振荡器:振荡频率150次/min,可固定顶空瓶。5.5天平:精度为0.01g。5.6采样瓶:具聚四氟乙烯-硅胶衬垫螺旋盖的60ml或200ml的螺纹棕色广口玻璃瓶。5.7采样器材:铁铲和不锈钢药勺。5.8便携式冷藏箱:容积20L,温度4℃以下。5.9一次性巴斯德玻璃吸液管。5.10微量注射器:5μl、10μl、25μl、100μl、500μl、1000μl。5.11棕色密实瓶:2ml,具聚四氟乙烯衬垫和实芯螺旋盖。5.12一般实验室常用仪器和设备。6样品6.1样品的采集与保存6.1.1按照HJ/T20和HJ/T298的相关规定进行固体废物样品的采集和保存。采集样品的工具应用铁铲和不锈钢药勺(5.7)。所有样品均应至少采集3份代表性样品。6.1.2用铁铲和不锈钢药勺(5.7)将样品尽快采集到采样瓶(5.6)中,并尽量填满。快速清除掉采样瓶(5.6)螺纹及外表面上粘附的样品,密封采样瓶(5.6)。置于便携式冷藏箱(5.8)内,带回实验室。6.1.3样品送入实验室后应尽快分析。若不能立即分析,在4℃以下密封避光保存,保存期限不超过14d。样品存放区域应无有机物干扰。注2:当样品中挥发性有机物浓度大于1000µg/kg时,视该样品为高含量样品。注3:样品采集时切勿搅动固体废物,以免造成固体废物中有机物的挥发。3注4:必要时,可在采样现场使用用于挥发性有机物测定的便携式仪器对样品进行浓度高低的初筛。6.2试样的制备6.2.1固体废物低含量试样实验室内取出采样瓶(5.6),待恢复至室温后,称取2g(精确至0.01g)样品置于顶空瓶(22ml)中,迅速向顶空瓶(22ml)中加入10.0ml饱和氯化钠溶液(4.5),立即密封,在往复式振荡器(5.4)上以150次/min的频率振荡10min,待测。6.2.2固体废物高含量试样如果现场初步筛选挥发性有机物为高含量或低含量测定结果大于1000µg/kg时,应视为高含量试样。高含量试样制备如下:取出采样瓶(5.6),待恢复至室温后,称取2g(精确至0.01g)样品置于顶空瓶(22ml)中,迅速向顶空瓶(22ml)中加入10.0ml甲醇(4.2),立即密封,在往复式振荡器(5.4)上以150次/min的频率振荡10min。静置沉降后,用一次性巴斯德玻璃吸液管(5.9)移取约1ml提取液至2ml棕色密实瓶(5.11)中。该提取液可置于冷藏箱内4℃下保存,保存期为14d。在分析之前将提取液恢复到室温后,向空的顶空瓶(22ml)中加入2g(精确至0.01g)石英砂(4.8)、10.0ml饱和氯化钠溶液(4.5)和0.010~0.100ml甲醇提取液。立即密封,在往复式振荡器(5.4)上以150次/min的频率振荡10min,待测。注5:若甲醇提取液中挥发性有机物浓度较高,可通过加入甲醇进行适当稀释。注6:若用高含量方法分析浓度值过低或未检出,应采用低含量方法重新分析样品。6.2.3固体废物浸出液试样称取干基质量为40~50g固体废物样品,按照HJ/T299方法制备固体废物水浸出液试样,称取干基质量为20~25g固体废物样品,按照HJ/T300方法制备固体废物醋酸浸出液试样。取10.0ml浸出液移入顶空瓶(22ml)中,立即密封,待测。6.3空白试样的制备6.3.1固体废物运输空白试样采样前在实验室将10.0ml饱和氯化钠溶液(4.5)和2g(精确至0.01g)石英砂(4.8)放入顶空瓶(22ml)中密封,将其带到采样现场。采样时不开封,之后随样品运回实验室,在往复式振荡器(5.4)上以150次/min的频率振荡10min,待测。6.3.2固体废物低含量空白试样称取2g(精确至0.01g)石英砂(4.8)代替低含量样品,按照6.2.1步骤制备低含量空白试样。6.3.3固体废物高含量空白试样称取2g(精确至0