••••••1.1••••1.2MaryParkerFollettGraham1988HenriFayolGray19881-11-11.3MintzbergMintzberg1989Watson19942Watson1994:8LocalGovernmentManagementBoard1993:81.41.4.11.4.2managerialescalator131-21-21.51.5.141.5.21.61.6.11.6.2••••••••••151.6.3•••19981.6.4Coles19971.6.56LeverandBlease19921.71.7.1171.7.271.7.381.7.4KeenanBlacklerandShimmin1984:23198423198425Keenan1980PedlerandBoydell1985ScaseandGoffeereluctantmanager19ScaseandGoffee1989141.7.5Mead19981998:331.7.65510Mead199890%1.7.71.8111••••1.8.11.8.21VCommonsSelectCommitteeReport1997122ScaseandGoffee1989:185-186ThePeterprinciplePeterandHull1970••PeterandHull199022-24991.8.3CharlesHandy1991:122MBA10000Thomsonetal.1997113111.8.4111.9••••2141.2.3.4.5.56.4115