现在完成时用法及练习

1现在完成时态详细讲解及其练习一、现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有manytimes，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，sofar,bynow等。IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.我已经看过这部电视剧了。（现在我对它不感兴趣了）——Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet?——No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.（我很着急）②表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词，常常与sofar、for或者since短语连用。since+时间点/从句，for+时间段，如fortwomonths等。二、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，lastweek等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。三、在“itisfirst/second...timethat...。”或在“it/this/thatisthe+最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it+be...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：2Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→beheredie→bedeadbegin(start)→beoncomeback→bebackfallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)leave→beawaygetup→beupfinish→beoveropen→beopenclose→beclosedborrow→keep或beon→bein或beamemberof…gotoschool→beastudentbuy→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)begintostudy→studygettoknow→knowcometowork→work等如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。几点注意事项（1）havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。HehasbeentoBeijing.他去过北京（已经回来了）HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。（还没有回来）have/hasbeenin待在某地如：TheyhavebeeninBeijing.他们呆在北京。3（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时态练习题一选择填空。()2.Herfather______in1990andherhusband______formorethanfiveyears.(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied()3.Ihave_____thisnicewatchfortwoyears.(A)had(B)bought(C)borrowed(D)lend()4.He_____hishomefortenyears.(A)hasleft(B)leftfrom(C)hasbeenawayfrom(D)wasawayfrom()5.He_____aleaguememberforthreeyears(A)is(B)hasbeen(C)hasbecome(D)havebecome()6.Lihua'sbrotherhas_______fortwoyears(A)joinedthearmy(C)becomeasoldier(B)beenanarmy(D)beeninthearmy()7.Hehasn't_____Quanzhoueversinceheleftschool4(A)left(B)beenaway(C)been(D)away二选择填空()1.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Yes,I_______itlastnight(A)finish(B)finished(C)havefinished(D)willfinish()2.——________youever_______toNanjing——Yes,I______therelastyear.(A)Have…gone,havegone(B)Did…go,went(C)Have…been,went(D)Did…go,has,been)()3.——When_______you________LucyinNewYork?——I_________herfortwoyears(A)did…meet,haven'tseen(B)did…meet,don'tsee(C)have…met,haven'tseen()4.He______finishedhishomeworkyet.(A)didn’t(B)haven’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’thave()5.——Haveyou________traveledonthebanch?——Yes,Ihave.(A)just(B)yetC)never(D)ever()6..——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Not__________(A)ever(B)already.(C)yet(D)just.()7Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework，_____.(A)already((B)ever(C)yet(D)never()8.——Haveyou__________learnedEnglish?——Yes,I've________learnedalot.(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,already(D)already.ever5()9.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework________?——Yes,I've_____donethat.(A)yet,already(B)already,yet(C)ever,never(D)still,just()10.John'sfather_______borrowedsomepictures(A)hasjust(B)haveever(C)hasyet(D)havealready三用since和for填空（一）1)______twoyears_______twoyearsago2)_______lastmonth3)_______yesterday4)_______anhourago5)______shelefthere6)_______4o’clock8)______19999)______4hours10)_____lunchtime（二）1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.四单项选择题()1.Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory_____2years.（A）about((B)for(C)in(D)since6（)2.Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________(A)sincethreeyearsago(B)intwoyears'time(C)forthreeyears(D)threeyearsago3.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,________?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey4.WecametoNanjingthreeyearsago,sowe________hereforthreeyears.A.havebeentoB.havebeeninC.havebeenD.havegone5.-Howlong______you_______yourdictionary?-Abouttwomonths.A.did;buyB.have;getC.have;hadD.have;bought6.Hetellsmehe________Chinaforoverfiveyears.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeninC.hasbeentoD.hasgonetoChina7.________hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_______toNanjing?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived8.Hisuncle________formorethan9years.7A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity9.Hehasneversurfed,__________(改成反意疑问句）?10.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)__________havetheybeenhere?11.Theoldman_________lastyear.He________forayear.(die)12.Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(改写句子，句意不变)现在完成时态答案一2-5CACB6D7A二1-5BCCCD6-10CCCAA三(一)1)和9）用for其余的用since（二）125用since其余的用for四1-5BDDCC6-8BCC9hasn.the10Howlong11died;hasbeendead12Thisfactoryhasbeenopenfortwentyyears