Chapter1:FundamentalTheoriesofBusinessCommunicationTheRoleofCommunicationInBusinessFramework•1.1businesscommunication(BC)defined•1.2theorganization&itsstructure•1.3dynamic&multi-channelednatureofBC•1.4internalcommunication(IC)•1.5externalcommunication(EC)•1.6corporateculture&internalcommunication•1.7formal&informalcommunication(FC&IFC)•1.8summary•一群外国人逛中国商场,发现门口有个牌子,上面写着“小心地滑”,留学生们笑了,中国人真有意思,把这当旱冰场了,让我们小心地(DE)滑!•小心滑倒!扁鹊见蔡恒公原文:扁鹊见蔡桓公,立有间,扁鹊曰:“君有疾在腠理,不治将恐深。”桓侯曰:“寡人无疾。”扁鹊出,桓侯曰:“医之好治不病以为功。”居十日,扁鹊复见曰:“君之病在肌肤,不治将益深。”桓侯不应。扁鹊出,桓侯又不悦。居十日,扁鹊复见曰:“君子病在肠胃,不治将益深。”桓侯又不应。扁鹊出,桓侯又不悦。居十日,扁鹊望桓侯而还走。桓侯故使人问之,扁鹊曰:“疾在腠理,汤熨之所及也;在肌肤,针石之所及也;在肠胃,火齐之所及也;在骨髓,司命之所属,无奈何也。今在骨髓,臣是以无请矣。居五日,桓公体痛,使人索扁鹊,已逃秦矣,桓侯遂死。注释:扁鹊(biǎnquè):姓秦,名越人,战国时鄚(mò)地人,属于早期秦人一支。医术高明。所以人们就用传说中的上古神医扁鹊的名字来称呼他。关于扁鹊:有一次扁鹊行医到虢(读音:guó国)国,虢国的太子死了,正要下葬。扁鹊问明了其病情后,断定太子未死,先用针刺疗法,一会儿太子醒来,又把药物敷在太子肋下,一会儿,太子就站了起来,最后给太子配汤药喝,仅仅服了30多天,太子就完全康复了。蔡桓(huán)公:实指齐桓公田午(前400年—前357年,44岁),田氏代齐以后的第三位齐国国君,谥号为“齐桓公”,因与“春秋五霸”之一的姜姓齐国的齐桓公小白相同,故史称“田齐桓公”或“齐桓公午”。因为当时蔡国已亡,而齐国都上蔡,故说蔡桓公。(齐国都城是临淄,田氏代齐之后也不曾迁都,何来“齐国都上蔡”一说,难道此上蔡非彼上蔡?)。韩非(约前280-公元前233),战国时期重要的思想家,先秦法家学说的集大成者。《韩非子》为法家重要著作译文:一天,扁鹊进见蔡桓公,站了好一会儿说道:“您有病在皮下,要是不治,恐怕会加重。”桓公回答说:“我没有病。”扁鹊退出后,桓公说:“医生总是喜欢给没病的人治病,并把这作为自己的功劳。”过了十天,扁鹊又拜见蔡桓公,说:“您的病已经到了肌肤,要是不治,就会更加厉害了。”桓公听后不理睬他。扁鹊退出,桓公又是很不高兴。过了十天,扁鹊再次拜见蔡桓公,说:“您的病已经进入肠胃,要是不治,就更加严重了。”桓公仍不理睬他。扁鹊退出,桓公又是极不高兴。又过了十天,扁鹊远远地看见桓公转身就跑。桓公很奇怪,故此特派人去问他,扁鹊说:“病在皮下,用药热敷治疗就可以医治好的;病在肌肤之间,用针刺就可以医治好的;病在肠胃中,用清火汤剂就可以医治好的;要是病在骨髓,那就是掌管生命的神所管的了,我就没有办法治疗了。现在桓公的病已发展到骨髓里面,我因此不再过问了。”过了五天,桓公感到浑身疼痛,便派人去寻找扁鹊,这时,扁鹊已经逃到秦国去了。总结:以时间为序,写扁鹊与蔡桓公的四次见面,又传神地再现两人见面时不同的神态、语言和性格,突出扁鹊慧眼识病,尽职尽责,敢于直言,机智避祸,和桓公的骄横自信、讳疾忌医。扁鹊态度好,沟通方式不够。蔡桓公偏见,先入为主。结尾,扁鹊不得不逃亡,暗示了专制君主统治下的残暴。文中深刻揭示了及时医过,防微杜渐的道理,沟通方式的重要性,颇能引人深思。1.1BusinessCommunication(BC)Defined•Definition:adynamic,multi-channeledprocess,whichcoversinternalaswellasexternalcommunicationinagivenorganization1.2TheOrganization&ItsStructureConcept:Anorganizationreferstoanadministrativeandfunctionalstructure(likeacompanyorcorporation),inwhichacertainnumberofpeopleareabletocommunicatewitheachotherandarewillingtomakecontributiontoacommongoal.Organization’sStructure•1.DepartmentbyProduct•2.DepartmentbyFunction•3.DepartmentbyRegion1.3Dynamic&Multi-ChanneledNatureofBC•1.DynamicBCisalwayschangingwiththechangingbusinessandneverremainsstatic.•2.Multi-ChanneledBusinesspeoplegetintouchwitheachotherinamulti-channeledway:talktoeachothervis-à-visoroverthephone;sendeithere-mailorfaxesetc.1.4InternalCommunication(IC)•1.Definition:Internalcommunicationreferstothepartofcommunicationthattakesplacewithinagivenorganization.•2.ThreekindsaccordingtotheICstructure:•Downwardcommunication•Upwardcommunication•Horizontalcommunication1.4.1DownwardCommunication•Definition:Downwardcommunicationreferstothecommunicationwhichgoesfromthetoptothebottom,fromthemanagementtothesubordinates.•OfthethreekindsofInternalcommunication,downwardcommunicationplaystheleadingroleasitoftencarriesinstruction,decisions,suggestions,announcementsandsoon.DCcanbecarriedoutin•awrittenway(likememos,bulletins,reports,newsletters,etc.)•anoralway(liketelephonetalks,presentations,speeches,videoconferences,etc.)WhenDCispassedthroughanoralchannel,partofthemessagemaygetdistortedorlost.AlthoughmanagementisentitledtoanychannelsforaDC,aface-to-facetalkisoftenmorepreferable.Thenecessitytosendemployeesthedownwardinformation•First,showstherecognitionoftheemployees’needforinformationfromthemanagement,whichwillhaveastrongcohesiveimpactontheemployeesfortheorganization.•Second,tellingemployeestherealsituationtheorganizationfaceswillclarifysomelikelydoubtsandevenrumorsamongtheemployees.•Third,bytellingemployeestherelevantinformation,themanagementcangetthenecessaryfeedback—positiveornegative—theyexpectfromemployees,likesuggestions,comments,complaintsorevencriticisms.CharacteristicsofDC•one-waynature•authoritativeandinfluential•Managersshouldminimizetheuncertaintyandvaguenessintheirdownwardcommunication.•MBWA(ManagementByWalkingAround)Sometimes,aGeneralManagermayuseDCoutsidehisoffice,likeawalkingtalkoranon-the-siteinspection.•MBC(ManagementbyCoaching):Achallengetothetraditionalwayofmanaging.Foramanager,tocoachistodevelophissubordinates’abilitiesandbringtheirpotentialintofullplay.上下同欲者胜上下同欲者胜,与民同利者兴。在企业管理中,领导者能引导上下心往一处想,劲往一处使,为实现特定的目标而不懈地努力,企业就能越办越兴旺。历史上很多帝王与民争利、向民夺利,唐太宗一反这种做法。这位开明的皇帝提出了“与民同利”的有远见的思想。贞观初年,天下大旱,关中百姓有的卖儿卖女。唐太宗李世民为了社稷安定,曾祈求上天,可上天仍不赐雨,唐太宗又要开渭河引水灌溉,又遭到大臣们的反对,大臣们说,开渭河会像隋炀帝开运河那样累计百姓,使天下怨声载道,让唐太宗慎思。唐太宗李世民慎思之后,再次上朝……•唐太宗面对众臣说:“前日上朝,诸位爱卿担心朕将如隋炀帝那样,开渭河累计百姓,使天下怨声载道,劝朕慎思。朕慎思再三,辗转反侧,夜不能寝……朕终于想通了。古时大禹开山治水,跟从他的百姓历尽艰辛,无一人怨恨,那是因为大禹与自己百姓同苦同利。隋炀帝开运河,修建奢侈的宫殿,图的是一人私欲,损害的是天下臣民,所以百姓揭竿而起,推倒了风行万里的大隋。今日朕开渭河,为的是百姓,图的是五谷丰登。朕不敢说与大禹同举,但朕愿效仿大禹,与百姓同苦同利!”朝臣无言地看着唐太宗。唐太宗对众臣说:“今日朕身体力行,亲往渭水开河。朕不诏命你们,愿跟从朕的,朕欢迎,不愿跟从的,朕也不责怪。”唐太宗这种与“与民同利”的思想与孙子的“上下同欲者胜”。有异曲同工之妙。1.4.2UpwardCommunication(UC)•Definition:•Upwardcommunicationreferstothecommunicationinanadverseway,fromalowerlevel(subordinateone)toahigherlevel(managerone),oreventothetop(theCEOortheGM)•UCmakesitpossibleforthemanagementtohearthevoiceoftheirsubordinates,whichisbeneficialfort