胃癌的CT检查和分期RuiJinHospital,SSMU2近年来由于多层CT的技术进展,明显改善了胃的CT成像质量,使其在胃部疾病检测中的应用逐渐增多。CT检查不但可显示胃的腔壁,还可显示其腔内外的形态及邻近和远处的脏器,在胃的整体解剖显示方面具有优势。RuiJinHospital,SSMU3对比剂阳性对比剂0.5~1%碘水阴性对比剂饮用水、牛奶目前一般均采用饮用水作为胃的充盈剂检查前准备RuiJinHospital,SSMU4病人在检查前作空腹准备检查前15分钟饮水750~1000ml上检查床时再饮水250ml给予低张药物(肌注654-220mg)检查前准备RuiJinHospital,SSMU5扫描时的体位一般取仰卧体位疑及胃窦和幽门部病变取俯卧位根据情况选用斜位RuiJinHospital,SSMU6扫描层厚0.75~1.25mm(4、8、16层CT)螺距1.0重建层厚1.0~1.5mmMPR横断位、冠状位、矢状位MPR层厚4mm(3-6mm,根据图象噪声)技术参数RuiJinHospital,SSMU7静脉内对比总量120ml(或每公斤体重1.5ml)注射速率3ml/sec扫描启动时间:动脉期30sec门脉期60sec技术参数RuiJinHospital,SSMU8正常胃壁厚度5mm注射对比剂后有明显强化可表现为单层、部分二层或三层结构RuiJinHospital,SSMU9正常胃CTMRPRuiJinHospital,SSMU10RuiJinHospital,SSMU11CT轴位图像显示双层胃壁结构RuiJinHospital,SSMU12目前,胃的多层CT检查虽然仍主要用于胃癌和其他胃肿瘤性病变的治疗前综合评估、分期及术后随访等。由于CT技术的不断进步,图像质量的改善,使得CT在其他胃疾患的诊断和评估中的应用也在不断地扩展。RuiJinHospital,SSMU13胃癌30%位于胃窦30%位于胃体30%位于胃底、贲门10%为弥漫浸润性RuiJinHospital,SSMU14CT轴位、矢状面重建图像胃窦癌RuiJinHospital,SSMU15CT多平面重建图像胃体癌,显示胃左动脉及脾动脉胃左动脉包绕肿块,远端进入肿块贲门胃体癌RuiJinHospital,SSMU17CT冠状面及斜轴位重建图像胃窦及幽门部胃癌RuiJinHospital,SSMU18动脉期门脉期MRP延时期十二指肠癌、不全梗阻RuiJinHospital,SSMU19同一患者RuiJinHospital,SSMU20壶腹部腺癌II级RuiJinHospital,SSMU21早期胃癌隆起型浅表型浅表隆起、浅表平坦、浅表凹陷凹陷型混合型RuiJinHospital,SSMU22CT矢状面重建图像早期胃癌I型CT冠状面重建图像早期胃癌IIa型RuiJinHospital,SSMU23CT冠状面重建图像早期胃IIb型CT冠状面重建图像早期胃III型RuiJinHospital,SSMU24进展型胃癌的CT检查率Horietal.95%Baertetal92%Hundtetal97.5%隆起型早期胃癌检出率93%凹陷型早期胃癌检出率18%浅表型早期胃癌的CT检出有较大限度横断面加上多平面重建图像的综合判断可明显提高病变的检出率和分期的准确性RuiJinHospital,SSMU25T2T3T4RuiJinHospital,SSMU26胃体后壁CACT灌注及时间-密度曲线CT灌注原始图像RuiJinHospital,SSMU27RuiJinHospital,SSMU28胃淋巴瘤胃壁比较均匀的增厚,厚度1cm弥漫性浸润,通常累及的胃壁超过50%通常范围较广,但形态较软,很少有梗阻征象RuiJinHospital,SSMU29胃淋巴瘤(平扫+增强)胃壁弥漫性增厚伴后腹膜淋巴结肿大融合RuiJinHospital,SSMU30胃淋巴瘤(平扫+增强)胃壁弥漫性增厚RuiJinHospital,SSMU31CT冠状面重建图像早期胃淋巴瘤致胃窦部胃壁增厚CT矢状面重建图像进展期B细胞型胃淋巴形成巨大肿块RuiJinHospital,SSMU32CT轴位图像浸润型胃淋巴瘤,伴LN转移CT冠状面重建图像增生型胃淋巴瘤,伴溃疡,肿块累及肠系膜根部RuiJinHospital,SSMU33胃粘膜相关淋巴瘤术前胃粘膜相关淋巴瘤术后RuiJinHospital,SSMU34胃间质瘤(GIST)肿瘤较小时位于壁层较大时大多向腔外生长肿瘤可有明显的强化累及淋巴结出现融合的情况少见RuiJinHospital,SSMU35贲门部平滑肌瘤(平扫)贲门部平滑肌瘤(增强)RuiJinHospital,SSMU36胃粘膜下肿块-GSIT(平扫)胃粘膜下肿块-GSIT(增强)RuiJinHospital,SSMU37胃底部平滑肌瘤(平扫)阳性对比剂表现为充盈缺损胃底部平滑肌瘤(增强)肿块边缘有强化,中间有坏死RuiJinHospital,SSMU38CT矢状面重建图像良性胃黏膜下GIST,伴溃疡形成CT轴位图像同一患者RuiJinHospital,SSMU39CT斜冠状面重建图像胃底部浆膜下GISTCT冠状面重建图像胃小弯GISTRuiJinHospital,SSMU40CT斜冠状面重建图像胃窦部良性GISTCT冠状面重建图像胃体部恶性GISTRuiJinHospital,SSMU41CT动态图像胃体部恶性GISTCT平扫动脉期门脉期RuiJinHospital,SSMU42胃神经鞘瘤RuiJinHospital,SSMU43RuiJinHospital,SSMU44胃类癌相当少见,可分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型肿瘤通常较小,Ⅲ型肿瘤通常在发现时较大,其内可见溃疡RuiJinHospital,SSMU45CT冠状面重建图像胃类癌(溃疡型)同时见肝脏转移RuiJinHospital,SSMU46胃转移性癌非常少见,主要见于恶性黑色素瘤、乳腺癌或肺癌的转移RuiJinHospital,SSMU47CT冠状面重建图像卵巢癌胃转移CT冠状面重建图像食管癌胃转移RuiJinHospital,SSMU48CT冠状面重建图像胆管细胞癌胃浆膜下转移RuiJinHospital,SSMU49CT斜冠状面重建图像胰腺尾部腺癌侵犯胃壁伴脾梗死CT旁矢状面重建图像食管癌侵犯胃食管连接处邻近肿瘤直接侵犯RuiJinHospital,SSMU50CT冠状面重建图像胆管癌直接侵犯幽门管导致梗阻。同时见肝内胆管扩张RuiJinHospital,SSMU51胃炎表现为粘膜皱襞的增厚和胃壁的增厚,这种增厚比较光整、均匀,形态柔和RuiJinHospital,SSMU52CT斜冠状面重建图像胃窦部胃壁增厚,但黏膜强化正常CT轴位图像胃窦部胃壁增厚,黏膜光整RuiJinHospital,SSMU53CT冠状面重建图像胃壁黏膜增厚3Dvolume-renderedCT图像胃壁黏膜增厚RuiJinHospital,SSMU54CT冠状面重建图像幽门螺杆菌性胃炎,胃大弯黏膜节段性增厚RuiJinHospital,SSMU55胃溃疡CT检出的概率较低,尤其是浅小溃疡,较深的溃疡可表现为局部略厚的胃壁内存有小的凹陷RuiJinHospital,SSMU56CT冠状面重建图像胃窦部胃溃疡RuiJinHospital,SSMU57胃腺瘤可为广基或狭基,表现为向腔内突起的光整的类圆形病灶,增强后可有均匀的强化RuiJinHospital,SSMU58CT冠状面重建图像胃壁多发增生性腺瘤CT轴位图像胃窦部腺瘤RuiJinHospital,SSMU59Ménétrier病非常少见的慢性胃疾患,CT上可见胃底和胃体粘膜有明显的增粗、增厚,其形态柔软RuiJinHospital,SSMU60CT轴位图像胃体部胃壁呈分叶状增厚,黏膜柔软RuiJinHospital,SSMU61胃静脉曲张大多有肝硬化和门脉高压病史,多平面重建对显示累及的范围和程度可有很大的帮助,增强后表现为呈蚓状和条状的增粗血管影RuiJinHospital,SSMU62CT冠状面重建图像慢性胰腺炎脾静脉阻塞导致胃小静脉曲张RuiJinHospital,SSMU63CT冠状面重建图像胰腺癌导致脾静脉阻塞同一患者CTA图像胃静脉曲张RuiJinHospital,SSMU64肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张门脉高压侧枝循环开放RuiJinHospital,SSMU65RuiJinHospital,SSMU66胃癌的TNM分期T原发肿瘤Tx原发肿瘤不能估计T0无原发肿瘤证据Tis原发肿瘤局限于粘膜层而未累及粘膜肌层T1肿瘤浸润至粘膜或粘膜下层T2肿瘤浸润至肌层或浆膜下层T3肿瘤穿透浆膜(脏层腹膜)而未侵及邻近结构T4肿瘤侵入邻近结构RuiJinHospital,SSMU67胃癌的TNM分期N区域淋巴结Nx区域淋巴结无法估计N0无区域淋巴结转移N11~6枚淋巴结转移N27~15枚淋巴结转移N315枚以上淋巴结转移RuiJinHospital,SSMU68胃癌的TNM分期M远处转移Mx远处转移无法估计M0无远处转移M1有远处转移,将胰后、肠系膜和主动脉淋巴结转移归为M1RuiJinHospital,SSMU69多层CT胃癌TNM分期的准确率T1T2T3T4TNMCT60.0%71.8%84.6%89.4%73.0%EUS80.0%80.0%81.0%66.7%60.5%N0N1N2CT80.2%78.6%84.6%EUS100.0%75.0%40.2%M0M1CT97.9%95.0%EUS73.8%70.0%RuiJinHospital,SSMU70胃癌的CT表现主要表现为胃壁的不规则增厚,并伴有不同程度的强化。根据不同类型的胃癌,可表现为凸向腔内的隆起病灶,广泛的胃壁增厚、胃腔缩小,并可显示肿块上较大的溃疡。RuiJinHospital,SSMU71胃癌的CTTNM分期1T0胃壁未见增厚和明显的异常改变,正常的脂肪层清晰。T1无论是单层或多层胃壁中,胃壁局部增厚,伴有胃壁内层局部明显强化,可在粘膜下层见到条纹状的低密度影,肿瘤外的脂肪层清楚。RuiJinHospital,SSMU72T1N0M0AT1N0M0B平扫动脉期T1N0M0C门脉期T1N0M0D延时期RuiJinHospital,SSMU73平扫动脉期门脉期延时期T1N0M0ABCDRuiJinHospital,SSMU74T1N0EUS-T1期胃癌第1和第2层正常结构破坏,为不规则低回声替代,第3层相当于粘膜下层的高回声带基本完整RuiJinHospital,SSMU75T2可见局部较为弥漫的胃壁增厚,增厚胃壁有明显的强化,外层结构消失,但边缘仍完整,或可见少数软组织条状影进入脂肪层。胃癌的CTTNM分期2RuiJinHospital,SSMU76平扫动脉期门脉期延时期T2N1M0ABCDRuiJinHospital,SSMU77平扫动脉期门脉期延时期RuiJinHospital,SSMU78T2N0EUS-T2期胃癌浸润至肌层或浆膜下层(第3和4层)的低回声肿块。RuiJinHospital,SSMU79T3肿瘤外层边缘模糊,与周围脏器的脂肪分隔清晰。胃癌的CTTNM分期3RuiJinHospital,SSMU80胃体胃窦交界处腺癌(T3)平扫动脉期门脉期MRPCTARuiJinHospital,SSMU81平扫动脉期门脉期延时期T3N1M0ABCDRuiJinHospital,SSMU82平扫动脉期门脉期延时期T3N0M0ABCDMPVRRuiJinHospital,SSMU83同一患者可见区域淋巴结转移MPVR可清晰显示溃疡形态RuiJinHospital,SSMU84T3N1EUS(7.5MHz)显示距T3期胃癌病灶(T)3cm内探及1枚低回声、圆形、边界清晰的N1淋巴结(LN),经病理证实。同一患者超声内镜RuiJi