**第五章习题5.1如题5.1图所示电路,0t时已处于稳态。当0t时开关S打开,求初始值(0)Cu和(0)Ci。解:根据电容电压不能突变,有:4(0)6424CuVS打开时有:(0)(0)4CCuuV可得:1(0)(0)0.814CCiuA5.2如题5.2图所示电路,0t时已处于稳态。当0t时开关S闭合,求初始值(0)Lu、(0)Ci和(0)i。解:0t时处于稳态,有:12(0)148LiA(0)(0)88CLuiV根据电容电压、电感电流不能突变,当开关S闭合有:12(0)12(0)(0)144CCCuuiA(0)(0)4(0)(0)8148184LCCLuiuiV(0)(0)(0)112CLiiiA-+6VS2Ω4Ω1Ω1FCi-+Cu-+12Vi1F4ΩCi4Ω8Ω1HS-+Lu**5.3如题5.3图所示电路,0t时已处于稳态。当0t时开关S闭合,求(0)Li和(0)Ldidt。解:0t时,AViL144)0(有:AiiLL1)0()0(5.4如题5.4图所示电路,电压表的内阻10VRk,量程为100V。开关S在0t时打开,问开关打开时,电压表是否会损坏?解:当开关闭合时,有:24==6(0)4LLiAi当开关打开时,有:(0)(0)6LLiiA所产生的电压为:(0)61060VLVuiRkkV+2i-4ΩLi2H4V4Ωi-+S-24V0.1H4Ω+S**可见超出了电压表的量程,因此电压表会损坏。5.5如题5.5图所示电路,0t时已处于稳态。当0t时开关S打开,求初始值(0)Cu和1(0)Li、2(0)Li。解:开关闭合时,0Ci110(0)223LiA3电阻上的电压为:31(0)36RLuiV所以有3(0)6CRuuV根据电容电压不能突变,开关打开时可得:(0)(0)6CCuuV2110(0)(0)(0)122CLLuiiA5.6如题5.6图所示电路,0t时已处于稳态。当0t时开关S从1打到2,试求0t时电流()it,并画出其波形。解:开关S位于1时,有:-+10V2Ω1Li1H3ΩS2Li1H0.1F-+Cu2Ω7.5A3Ω21Si3Ω6Ω3Ω0.1F-+Cu**36(0)7.51536CuV开关S位于2时,建立()Cut的方程:()()CRutut()Rut为等效电阻33//65R的电压而()()()CRCdututitRRCdt可得微分方程:()1()0CCdututdtRC初始条件:(0)(0)15CCuuV解方程:特征根为12RC则有:2()tCutKe代入初始条件可得:15K得:2()15tCute根据分流关系,可得:22()616()15233//63659ttCutiteeA5.7如题5.7图所示电路,电感初始储能为零,当0t时开关S闭合,试求0t时电流()Lit,并画出其波形。解:已知(0)0Li当开关闭合时,有:1i8Ω13iLi1H4V-+S**11()3()()Lititit11()()4Litit根据KVL有:1()8()()SLutitut()()LLditutLdt整理可得:()2()4LLdititdt(0)(0)0LLii方程的齐次解为:2()tLhitKe方程的特解为:0()LyitA代入方程有:024A可得:02A全解为:2()()()2tLLhLyitititKe代入初始条件,可得:2K得:2()2(1)tLiteA5.8如题5.8图所示电路,电容初始储能为零,当0t时开关S闭合,试求0t时的()Cut、()Cit和()ut。-12Vu-+2Ω4ΩCi0.1F-+Cu2Ω+S**解:已知(0)0Cu开关闭合时,将电路等效为简单的RC串联,以()Cut建立方程,有:()11()()CCSdutututdtRCRC代入参数有:()2()12CCdututdt(0)(0)0CCuu方程齐次解为:2tKe方程的特解为:0A代入方程可知06A所以有:2()6tCutKe代入初始条件可得:6K得:2()6(1)tCuteV2()()1.2tCCdutitCeAdt222()()()6(1)4.8(61.2)tttCCututitReeeV5.9如题5.9图所示电路,0t时已处于稳态。当0t时开关S闭合,求0t时电压()Cut和电流()it的零输入响应和零状态响应。解:设C=0.1F,开关闭合时建立方程,有:()()CCdutitCdt3()()(3//6)[()()]CCSCitutitit+-Cu3Ω3A3Ωi6ΩS-6V4ΩCi0.1F-+Cu1Ω+**两式整理可得:()2()4()CCSdututitdt电容初始电压为:(0)(0)339CCuuV零输入响应方程为:()2()0CCdututdt(0)9CuV解的形式为:2()tCziutKe代入初始条件可得:9K得:2()9tCziuteV零状态响应方程为:()2()12CCdututdt(0)0Cu其齐次为:2tKe其特解为:0A代入方程有:0212A可知:06A通解为:2()6tCzsutKe代入初始条件:06K6K得:2()6(1)tCzsuteV根据分流关系,可知电流()it的零输入响应为:2()3()0.63(3//6)36tCziziutiteA再根据回路列KVL方程:6()()5()3[()()]3zsCzszszsSitutititit整理可得:2()9()(10.4)15tCzszsutiteA**5.10如题5.10图所示电路,0t时开关S位于1,电路已处于稳态。当0t时开关S闭合2,求0t时电流()Lit和电压()ut的零输入响应和零状态响应。解:0t时有:366(0)363//636LiA0t时建立方程,有:()3()()()3LLLSutititit()()LLditutLdt整理可得微分方程为:()2()2LLdititdt零输入响应:2()tLziitKe代入初始条件(0)3LiK可得:2()3tLziiteA2()()3()9tLziLditutitLeVdt零状态响应:()+Lzsit齐次解特解齐次解:2()tLzsyitKe特解:()LzipitA代入方程可得:1A则:2()tLzsitKe+1由初始条件(0)0Lzsi,可知1K-+36V21S6Ω2A6Ω6Ωu-+3HLi3Ω**得:2()(1tLzsite)2()()3()3(1)tLzszsLzsditutitLeVdt5.11如题5.11图所示电路,0t已处于稳态,当0t时开关S打开,求0t时电流()Lit的零输入响应、零状态响应和全响应。解:0t时根据叠加原理有:3(6//6//6)615(0)6//666//623LiA⑴零输入响应,其方程为:0LLiLRdtdi35)0()0(LLii1266R方程解为:tLKeti)(41123RL代入初始条件:35)0(KiL零输入相应为:tLeti435)(0t⑵零状态响应(等效电路如右),其方程为:6LLiLRdtdi1266R0)0(Li齐次解为:tLhKeti)(41123RL特解为:AtiLp)(-+6V6Ω6Ω6Ω3A3HLiS18V-+6Ω6Ω3HLi**代入方程可得:23A则零状态相应为:23)(4tLKeti代入初始条件可得:23-K有:)(tLeti4-123)(0t⑶全响应为:)(零状态相应零输入相应ttLeeti44-12335)(0t5.12如题5.12图所示电路,0t已处于稳态,当0t时开关S闭合,闭合后经过10s后,开关又打开,求0t时()Cut。解:1F-Cu5Ω-25V+20Ω+S**5.13如题5.13图所示电路,0t已处于稳态,当0t时开关S打开,求0t时()Lit和()Lut。解:0t时,有:55(0)3+12A5555LiS打开,t时有:55()3+11515515LiA电路的时间常数为:41=55+105LR(0)(0)2ALLii根据三要素公式,可知:5()()[(0)()](1)ttLLLLitiiieeALi4H+Lu-3A5Ω10Ω5Ω1AS**5()()20tLLditutLeAdt5.14如题5.14图所示电路,0t已处于稳态,当0t时开关S闭合,求0t时的电流()it。解:在0t,开关闭合,根据电路的特殊性,电流()it可以看成电压源和电容初始储能作用的叠加。可利用三要素公式进行求解:在0t有:(0)0i1(0)12=4V12Cu由电容初始电压作用产生的电流为/()it,显然有:/(0)4(0)==2A22Cui/()0i212RC/0.5()02tite由12伏电压源作用产生的电流为//()it,有:12(0)412LiA//(0)1(0)=2A2Lii//121()1.52(1//2)12iA21(2//2)1LR可知://()1.5(21.5)1.50.5ttitee得:///0.5()()()(21.50.5)ttitititeeAi1FS2H1Ω2Ω2Ω2Ω12V-+**5.15如题5.15图所示电路,0t已处于稳态,当0t时开关S从1打到2,试求0t时的电流()it。3Ai-+2120V8ΩS2H4Ω1F2Ω**5.16如题5.16图所示电路,电容的初始电压(0)Cu一定,激励源均在0t时接入电路,已知当2SUV、0SI时,全响应2()(1)tCuteV,0t;当0SU、2SIA时,全响应2()(42)tCuteV,0t。⑴求1R、2R和C的值。⑵求当2SUV、2SIA时的全响应()Cut。解:⑴可知电路的时间常数为:121//)2RRC(当0SI时,有:212()21CRuRR当0SU时,有:1212()24CRRuRR由上面两式联解可得:14R24R代入时间常数式子,得:10.254CF⑵此时全响应可分为零输入响应和零状态响应,而零状态响应可看成电压源和电流源分别单独作用的叠加,有:零输入响应:当0t时,有(0)2CuV()0Cu12-SU1R2RSIC-Cu++**根据三要素公式,可得2()2tCziute电压源产生的零状态响应:(0)0Cu212()1CSRuURR12根据三要素公式,可得2()1tCVzsute电流源产生的零状态响应:(0)0Cu1212()4CSRRuIRR12根据三要素公式,可得2()44tCIzsute全响应为:2()()()()(53)tCCziCVzsCIzsututututeV5.17如题5.17图所示电路,N中不含储能元件,当0t时开关闭合后,输出电压的零状态响应/40()(1)tuteV,0t;如果将2F的电容换为2H的电感,求输出电压的零状态响应0()ut。-+0u-+2VS2FN****5.18如题5.18图所示电路,