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中国性别工资差异的分位数回归分析陈建宝12段景辉2(1厦门大学宏观经济研究中心;2厦门大学经济学院)!本文首先考察了中国健康和营养调查数据库(CHNS)中的有关中国城市男性和女性工资抽样调查数据(1988~2005年)的分布特征;然后,分别应用分位数回归建模和分解方法对中国性别工资状况进行了分析,以期发现在不同时期不同分位数下,影响性别工资的关键因素演变过程以及它们对性别工资差异的贡献大小,并提出了解决我国性别工资差异的相关政策和建议性别工资分位数回归政策和建议F033AQuantileRegressionAnalysisofGenderWageGapinChinaAbstract:Wefirstlyusesomedescriptivestatisticalmethodstoinvestigatethedistributionalcharacteristicsoftherelatedgenderwagedatafrom1988to2005incitiesofChina,thedatasetcomesfromthedatabaseofCHNSThen,weemployapproachesofquantileregressionmodelinganddecompositionrespectivelytodoanalysisTheresearchaimsonfindingthekeyinfluentialfactorsofgenderwageomdtheirevolutionprocessesandhowbigofthecontributionsofthemtogenderwagegapsunderdifferentquantilesandperiodsFinally,somepolicesandsuggestionsforsolvinggenderwagegapsinChinaareproposedKeywords:GenderWage;QuantileRegression;PolicySuggestion,,,,,∀87∀中国性别工资差异的分位数回归分析#∃(07JJD790145)#∃(06JA910003),,Albrechet(2003);Rica(2004);Albrechet(2006);Kunze(2006),,Meng(1998)GustafssonLi(2000)Meng(2004)(2005)(2007)Liu(2005)JMP,,,,,,,,(CHNS)#%%%∃,(198819962005),,3,,,,,,CHNS#%%%∃9()198819962005,231213321251,149991183111988~2005P19882312196802555016657529187300001149913914332258912254912000011996133228911135477612483996000019112316342235662331812280000120051251668544838571617170500001831546327135898761531233200001,,JB,1,11,∀88∀&数量经济技术经济研究∋2009年第10期1988~2005,,JBP00001,1,1988,,,;19962005,,,1(),1988~2005,21988~2005,,;(),(),,,21988~2005095090075050025010005198850402520144097972057637428801555109480660446034519965463496632282284154812009834966397326961986146099379420051380399687361494636042300184011119908759813746276018401380KoenkerBassett(1978),∀89∀中国性别工资差异的分位数回归分析,YX,,,:Q[y|x]=+x(+occupation)!+character)∀+area)#,y;xy,∗(education)+(year),(year)year/100);occupation−,(manager)(technician)(clerk)(service)(farm)(industry)(armyman)7;character,(office)(ncorp)(ccorp)(pcorp)(#∃)4;area,9,(east)(mid)!∀#1988199620051%~99%(smoothingmethod),,,2005(3423),,()1988~20055%,,,,2005,19885%,19965%,20055%,,,,,,1988~2005,,∀90∀&数量经济技术经济研究∋2009年第10期∗+,−=++,,0691212151619()6[(2007)],,16,()16=100[TN,Binh(2007)]&∋,8∀91∀中国性别工资差异的分位数回归分析∀92∀&数量经济技术经济研究∋2009年第10期∀93∀中国性别工资差异的分位数回归分析,1988,2005,,,19885%,19965%,2005,5%,,,,,,,,,MachadoMata(2005),,1性别工资差异的反事实分析MachadoMata(thecounterfactualanalysis),(),?F(y*|ZW,M),ZW,M,y*(),y*:,U[0,1]l(l=11)u1,u2,u3,.,ul;,,=u1,u2,.,ul,lM,=001~099,M;,,l,ZW;,,,y*=ZWM2性别工资差异分解,yMy*yW,:yM-yW=(yM-y*)+(y*-yW)#∃,;#∃,,20055(,):1988∀94∀&数量经济技术经济研究∋2009年第10期,,;1996,;2005#U∃,,∗1988,,19962005,,,,#∃#∃52005(%)(%)005-00807-015341900600727-90060100256101175458901386541102002674018566941008183059030-00977-023982455901422-145590400187801488792500390207505003660032938997003671003060001500020413560-00053-3560070013820189313694-00510-3694080-0022900016-697-0024510697090-02259-025551131000296-1310095-00320-024507649402129-66494,,20056:,19882005,,;1996,∗1988~2005,,+,19962005,19882005,,1988,19962005,,,,,∀95∀中国性别工资差异的分位数回归分析62005(%)005-78488820-248317364-2034914496010-1486017311-3004105530000000206712-79012343309200057530307247-3647317332270000000405215-9682150006594879050-2651264500079570002050060107290-574-32030-51091000432300708105-25280000000004422080700940-479655000-423197226332-14420090-039222-38015261312052370952596-24393967519-41156042#∃,20057(1),1988,1996,2005;(2)1996,2005,,;(3),,,;(4),,,,,72005(%)005-175414841762233100061780101889-5351247-096561618790203636-16730002250420515820308094-3127-712282619379830401924-03651225304-231400005033909-2179344515400-1153-4380606176-662799614201976-18687070-2558008-4718-12153500424417080-177347030-4782769129051181309019751-17052000-5498859-10100951085-70515196266918558,1988~2005,,∀96∀&数量经济技术经济研究∋2009年第10期#∃#∃,,1988~2005,,1988,1996,2005,,,1988,,19962005,,(),,,,,,:,,;∗,,;+,,,[1]Albrecht,J,ABjorklundandSVroman,2003,IsThereaGlassCeilinginSweden?[J],JournalofLaborEconomics,21(1),145~177[2]Albrechet,J,AVuurenandSVroman,2006,CounterfactualDistributionswithSampleSelectionAdjustments:EconometricTheoryandApplicationtotheNetherlands[R],WorkingPaper[3]Gustafsson,BandSLi,2000,EconomicTransformationandtheGenderEarningsGaPinUrbanChina[J],JournalofPopulationEconomics,13(2),305~329[4]Meng,X,1998,MaleFemaleWageDeterminationandGenderWageDiscriminationinChinasRuralIndustrialSector[J],LaborEconomics,5,67~89[5]Meng,X,2004,GenderEarningsGap:theRoleofFirmSpecificEffects[J],LaborsEconomics,11,555~573[6]Koenker,RandGWBassett,1978,RegressionQuantiles[J],Econometrica,46,33~50[7]Kunze,2006,GenderWageGapStudies:ConsistencyandDecomposition[R],WorkingPaper[8]Liu,P,JZhang,YZhaoandCKung,2005,WhatHasHappenedtotheGenderWageDifferentialinUrbanChinaDuring1988~2001[R],WorkingPaper[9]Machado,JandJMata,2005,CounterfactualDecompositionofChangesinWageDistributionsUsingQuantitleRegression[J],JournalofAppliedEconometrics,20,445~465[10]Nguyen,BT,2007,AQuantileRegressionDecompositionofUrbanandRuralInequalityinVietnam[J],JournalofDevelopmentEconomics,2007,83,466~449[11]Rica,S,JDoladoandVLlorens,2004,CeilingsorFloors?GenderWageGapsbyEducatio