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UnitedStates-CertainMeasuresAffectingImportsofPoultryfromChinaZhangYanMB35082118April20141.FactsoftheCaseInthebackgroundoftheglobaleconomicdownturn,theworldtradeprotectionismhasrisenrecently,suchcasesinChinaincreasedsharply.InMarch2009,U.S.PresidentObamasignedthearticle727oftheConsolidatedAppropriationsAct,2009,thecontentisunderanyfundsprovidedbythisActshallnotbeusedformakingorperformanypermittedforU.S.importsofpoultryproductsfromChina.TheprovisionbymeansoflimitinggovernmentfundingpurposesdoesnotallowtherelevantgovernmentdepartmentstocarryoutthebanonimportofpoultryproductsfromChinaandcurbsonChinesepoultryproductsexportstotheAmerica.Billwassignedthesameday,theChineseMinistryofCommercethatresponded,madeitclearthatsection727isatypicaldiscriminatorytradeprotectionism,aseriousviolationoftheWTOrules,interfereswiththenormaldevelopmentofSino-USpoultrytrade.Aftertheprovision,thetwogovernmentsstartednegotiationsonpoultryimports,butfruitless,leadingtoChinesepoultryproductscan'treturntotheAmericanmarketandChineseinterestsseriouslydamaged,thetypicaldiscriminatorytradeprotectionismcausedstrongoppositionfromChina.OnApril17,2009,ChinawilllimitthemeasurestakenbytheUnitedStatestoChinesepoultryresorttoWTOdisputesettlementmechanism,andurgedtheUnitedStatesassoonaspossibletocancelthisdiscriminatorytradeprotectionismandcorrecttheerroneouspractice.OnJune23,ChinarequestedaWTOpanelestablishedtohearthecaseofAmericanrestrictivemeasuresonChinesepoultryimports.AttherequestofChina,theworldtradeorganizationofficiallydecidedtosetupexpertgrouponJuly31,2009，investigatingandrulingtherelevantmeasuresofUnitedStatestorestrictimportsofpoultrymeatfromChinaisinviolationofWTOrules.Thelawsuitalsocausedthewideattentionoftheworld.OnMay3,2010,theWTOpanelreleaseditsstatementpartofthereport.OnJune14,thepanelreleasedtheinterimreport.OnJuly26,thepanelsubmitteditsfinalreporttotheparties,thereportformallyannouncedonSeptember29andonOctober25,DSBpassedthereportbythepanel.TheworldtradeorganizationexpertgroupontheChinaandtheUnitedStatesimportpoultryrestrictionscasereleasedrulingreportonthe29th,inthetwohundredpagesreport,thepanelruledthattheU.S.ConsolidatedAppropriationsAct,2009provisionsonrestrictionsonChinesepoultryimportsviolatetheWTOrules,includinganumberofthemost-favored-nationTreatmentprincipleandtheSPSAgreement.ThePermanentMissionofChinatotheWorldTradeOrganizationwelcomesthisruling,andstressedthatChinesepoultryproductsaresafe.ChinesePermanentMissiontotheWTOsaidChinahopestheU.S.sidecanattachimportancetoChina'sconcernsandtakefurtherpositivemeasurestoeliminateanydiscriminatorymeasuresspecificallyfortheChinesepoultryproducts,fairandjusticetocarryouttheassessmentofChina'spoultryandimportinspection,theearlyrealizationofthenormalpoultrytradebetweenthetwocountriesThetwocountriescontinuallyupgradethewarofpoultryfinallysettledundertheWTOrulingforChina'soverallvictory.ThiscasewasthefirsttimeforChinatochallengethelegislationoftheU.S.CongresswithintheframeworkofWTO,forthefirsttimeaboutSPSdisputes,wonacomprehensivevictoryisofgreatsignificance.2.theMainIssuesInvolvedintheDispute2.1IdentifyIssuesRelatedtoSPSMeasuresAsthenamesuggests,SPSmeasuresbothhealthmeasures,includingplantquarantinemeasures.Healthmeasuresforhumanandanimalhealth,andplantquarantinemeasuresareforplantsandplantproducts.AccordingtoSPSAgreementsanitaryandplantquarantinemeasuresmeansanymeasureusedforthefollowingpurposes:(1)theeliminationofpests,diseases,disease-carryingorganismsordisease-causingorganismsandtheriskofgrowthorspread,inordertoprotecttheWTOmemberswithintheterritoryofanimalorplantlifeorhealth;(2)theeliminationofcontaminants,toxinsordisease-causingorganismsrisksarisingfromthefood,beverageorfeedadditives,inordertoprotecttheWTOmemberswithintheterritoryofhumanoranimallifeorhealth;(3)theeliminationoftheincominganimals,plantsorproductscarrydiseasesandpestsortherisksofgrowingorspreadingtoprotectthememberswithintheterritoryofhumanlifeorhealth;(4)topreventorcontrolthememberswithintheterritoryduetotheincomingorgrowthofpests,orresultingfromotherdamage.Ingeneral,sanitaryorplantquarantinemeasuresincludeallrelevantlaws,decrees,regulations,requirementsandprocedures,especiallyinthefinalproductstandards,processesandproductionmethods,testing,inspection,certificationandapprovalprocedures,quarantinetreatment,includinganimalsorplantstransportrelatedorduringtransportofanimalsandplantsinordertomaintaintherequirementsofthematerialneededfortheplantandanimallife,relevantstatisticalmethods,samplingproceduresandtheprovisionsoftheriskassessmentmethodandfoodsafetydirectlyrelatedtopackagingandlabelingrequirements.Incomparison,thearticle727oftheConsolidatedAppropriationsAct,2009onlyrequirestherelevantadministrativedepartmentsdonotestablishrulesforimportsofpoultryproductsfromChina,theprovisionitselfdoesnotappearrelatedtothewordingofinspection,quarantinerisk.Soapparently,Section727cannotbedirectlyclassifiedasanSPSmeasure.Thesection727oftheConsolidatedAppropriationsAct,2009ofAmericaisornotanSPSmeasure,thatisoneofthekeypointstobothsi