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民航英语口语ChapterOnePhonetics语音知识CONTENTSPAGE目录页Unit1Letters&PhoneticAlphabetWarm-upkeyPronunciationBasicPronunciationRulesPracticalPractice01020304TRANSITIONPAGE过渡页Warm-upkeyPronunciationBasicPronunciationRulesPracticalPractice010203044ChapteronePhonetics语音知识HowtowritetheEnglishLettersinarightway?CONTENTSPAGE目录页Warm-upkeyPronunciationBasicPronunciationRulesPracticalPractice010203046ChapteronePhonetics语音知识国际音标（48个）元音（20个）7个短元音（7短）/Q//e//I//X//V//ʊ//E/5个长元音（5长）/i://O://A://u://ɜ:/8个双元音（8双）/aI//eI//aʊ//əʊ//Iə//eE//ʊE//OI/辅音（28个）/p/—/b/,/t/—/d/,/k/—/g/,/f/—/v/,/T/—/D/,/s/—/z/,/S/—/Z/,/tS/—/dZ/,/tr/—/dr/,/ts/—/dz/,/h/—/r/,/m/,/n/,/N/,/j/,/w/,/l/7ChapteronePhonetics语音知识音素发音要领发音练习短元音口形唇形舌位/Q/肌肉放松，开口程度比/e/稍大双唇扁平舌尖抵下齿背，舌中部稍抬起apple,bag,cat,fat/e/肌肉放松，牙床半开，能放进食指双唇稍扁平舌尖抵下齿背，舌前部稍抬起，比要低egg,bread,sell,leg/I/肌肉放松，牙床开得比宽，比窄双唇扁平舌前部向硬腭抬起，比低，比高pig,sit,lip,kiss/X/肌肉放松双唇稍圆舌身降低后缩dog,fox,sorry,lock7个短元音元音8ChapteronePhonetics语音知识音素发音要领发音练习短元音口形唇形舌位/V/开口程度比小一半双唇向两旁平展舌后部靠前稍抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿duck,cut,but,love/ʊ/肌肉放松双唇收圆稍向前突出舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起good,book,look,put/ə/肌肉放松，牙床全开，可放进中指和食指双唇向两旁平展，扁平舌尖抵下齿背，舌前部稍抬起sister,doctor,later,father元元音9ChapteronePhonetics语音知识5个长元音音素发音要领发音练习长元音口形唇形舌位/i:/肌肉放松，开口程度比稍大双唇扁平舌尖抵下齿龈，舌前部尽量抬起，但不产生摩擦tea,meat,sleep,sheep/O:/肌肉放松，牙床半开，能放进食指双唇稍扁平舌身后缩，后部向软腭抬起tall,small,lord,fork/A:/肌肉放松，牙床开得比宽，比窄，口张大双唇张大舌位很低，舌身放平后缩，舌部稍隆起card,star,pass,class/u:/肌肉放松双唇稍圆舌身后缩，后部向软腭抬起school,boot/ɜ:/开口程度比小一半双唇向两旁平展舌中部稍抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿first,sir,word,person元音元音10ChapteronePhonetics语音知识8个双元音音素发音要领发音练习双元音口形唇形舌位/aI/由向自然滑动，前者清楚响亮，后者较模糊短促双唇由开到扁舌尖抵下齿背，舌中部稍抬起eye,fly,rice,die/eI/由向自然滑动，前者清楚响亮，后者较模糊短促双唇由稍扁平到扁平舌位逐渐抬高late,say,play,ate/aʊ/由向自然滑动，前者清楚响亮，后者较模糊短促双唇由开到圆舌前部向硬腭抬起，比低，比高cow,our,house,mouth/Eʊ/由向自然滑动，前者清楚响亮，后者较模糊短促双唇由扁到圆舌身降低后缩bowl,soap,home,go元元音11ChapteronePhonetics语音知识音素发音要领发音练习双元音口形唇形舌位/IE/开口程度小一半双唇扁平舌中部稍抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿year,beer,tear,idea/eE/由向自然滑动双唇由中开到扁平舌位逐渐抬高care,bear,pear,swear/ʊE/由向自然滑动双唇由圆到不圆舌位逐渐降低tour,sure,pure,poor/OI/由向自然滑动，前者清楚响亮，后者较模糊短促双唇由圆到扁舌位逐渐抬高boy,toy,voice,enjoy音元音12ChapteronePhonetics语音知识爆破音辅音辅音音素发音位置发音方法清浊发音练习/p/发音时，双唇紧闭；/p/是双唇音气流从口腔冲出，送气有力清音，发音时声带不震动park,sport,stop,happy/b/和/p/相同和/p/相同，但/b/在词尾发得很轻，不如/p/送气有力浊音，发音时声带震动bank,lab,ambition/t/发音时，舌端抵齿槽；/t/是齿槽音气流从口腔冲出，送气有力清音，发音时声带不震动tool,bite,boot,shot/d/和/t/相同和/t/相同，但/d/在词尾发得很轻，不如/t/送气有力浊音，发音时声带震动dog,Monday,good,head/k/发音时，后舌隆起；/k/是后舌音气流从喉咙口用力冲出来，送气有力清音，发音时声带不震动cake,key,jacket,chemistry/g/和/k/相同和/k/相同，但/g/在词尾发得很轻，不如/k/送气有力浊音，发音时声带震动get,guess,league13ChapteronePhonetics语音知识摩擦音辅音辅音音素发音位置发音方法清浊发音练习/f/发音时，下唇轻触上齿；/f/是唇齿音气流从上齿与下唇间的缝隙通过，齿唇发生摩擦而成/f/音清音，发音时声带不震动farm,phone,laugh,face/v/和/f/相同和/f/相同浊音，连续不断发/f/，震动声带，就会发出/v/very,of,even,love/s/发音时，舌端接近齿槽；/s/是齿槽音气流从舌端和齿槽间形成的缝隙中通过，发生摩擦而成/s/音清音，发音时声带不震动speak,ice,scene,next/z/和/s/相同和/s/相同浊音，连续不断发/s/，震动声带，就会发出/z/zest,busy,jazz,buses14ChapteronePhonetics语音知识辅音辅音音素发音位置发音方法清浊发音练习/θ/发音时，舌端接触上齿；/θ/是舌齿音气流通过舌端和上齿间的缝隙，发生摩擦而成/θ/音清音，发音时声带不震动three,think,math,class/ð/和/θ/相同和/θ/相同浊音，连续不断发/θ/，震动声带，就会发出/ð/this,they,mother/ʃ/发音时，舌端靠近齿槽，舌身抬向硬腭；/ʃ/是舌面齿槽音双唇稍收圆并略突出，气流从舌和硬腭齿槽间的缝隙中通过，发出摩擦音清音，发音时声带不震动sugar,she,social,Asia/ʒ/和/ʃ/相同和/ʃ/相同浊音，连续不断发/ʃ/，震动声带，就会发出/ʒ/measure,prestige,vision/h//h/是声门音气流从两条声带间的缝隙（声门）通过，摩擦声门而成/h/音清音，发音时声带不震动have,hot,hand,head/r/发音时，舌端抬向齿槽后部舌向后面的硬腭弯曲，发生摩擦而成/r/音浊音，发音时声带震动red,wrong,rice,read15ChapteronePhonetics语音知识辅音破擦音辅音音素发音位置发音方法清浊发音练习/tʃ//tʃ/是/t/和/ʃ/的结合。/tʃ/的发音部位和/ʃ/完全一样发音时，舌端先顶在齿槽后部，不留缝隙，然后渐渐放开，使成一细缝，气流缓缓从中冲出。发/tʃ/时有的摩擦，又有/t/的爆破清音，发音时声带不震动China,watch,picture,nature/dʒ/和/tʃ/相同和/tʃ/相同浊音。连续不断发/tʃ/，震动声带，就会发出/dʒ/large,June,bridge,huge16ChapteronePhonetics语音知识辅音鼻音辅音音素发音位置发音方法清浊发音练习/m//m/是双唇音，发音位置和/p/、/b/相同双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔通过浊音，发音时声带震动meat,hammer,jam,climb/n/发音时，舌端抵齿槽，和发/t/、/d/相同。/n/是齿槽音双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔中通过浊音，发音时声带震动name,pain,knife,seven/ŋ/发音时，舌位和/k/、/g/相同双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔中出来浊音，发音时声带震动drink,thank,sing,bang17ChapteronePhonetics语音知识辅音半元音辅音音素发音位置发音方法清浊发音练习/w/发音时，后舌抬得很高，双唇收圆，并稍突出。/w/的发音部位和元音/u:/相似气流不受发音器官的阻碍，像元音一样。但气流通过唇角时有一些摩擦，所以又是摩擦音。发音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音浊音，发音时声带震动win,why,quick,twice/j/发音时，前舌抬高，和元音/i/的发音部位相似，还要将舌身抬向硬腭气流通过时，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦发出/j/，所以也是摩擦音浊音，发音时声带震动you,yes,yard,young18ChapteronePhonetics语音知识辅音边音辅音音素发音位置发音方法清浊发音练习/l/发音时，舌端抵齿槽，和/t/、/d/、/n/发音相同；/l/是齿槽音气流从舌的两旁空隙处流过浊音，发音时声带震动leap,place,village,milkCONTENTSPAGE目录页Warm-upkeyPronunciationBasicPronunciationRulesPracticalPractice0102030420ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/i:/eebee,sheep,sleepeasea,tea,meat/O:/allcall,tall,smallorhorse,torchaughcaught,taughtoordoor,floor/A:/arfarm,card,star/u:/ooschool,kangaroouifruit,suit/ɜ:/erperson,herb,serviceirbird,sir,girlurnurse,curse,surf21ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/eI/a-esnake,cake,makeairain,train,snailaypay,play,tray/aI/i-ekite,like,prideighhigh,light,mightyfly,cry,fry/OI/oyboy,toy,oysteroioil,boil,soil/əʊ/o-enote,smoke,noseoacoat,goat,boat/aʊ/owcow,tow,howoumouse,shout,cloud续表22ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/Iə/earear,hear,tear/eE/airair,hair,fair/ʊE/oorpoor,moorourtour,hour/k/ckclock,stick,pickccat,catch,musickbike,kind,week/g/ghghost,ghoul,ghosty/f/phphoto,telephone续表23ChapteronePhonetics语音知识/T/ththank,think,three/D/ththis,father,these/S/shfish,dish,ship/dZ/-dgefridge,bridge/ts/tscats,shirts,goats/dz/dsbeds,birds,cards/tr/tr