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1/15自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料LessonOneChinaintheMarketPlace一、术语：manufacturedgoods制成品capitalequipment资本货物balanceofpayments国际收支currentaccount经常项目visibletradeaccount有形贸易项目invisibletradeaccount无形贸易项目tradesurplus贸易顺差tradedeficit贸易逆差barter易货贸易compensationtrade补偿贸易counter-trade反向贸易assemblymanufacturing组装生产industrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax工商统一税jointventure合资企业deferredpayment延期付款buyercredit买方信贷suppliercredit卖方信贷softloan软贷款（低息贷款）MFNtreatment:MostFavoredNationtreatment最惠国待遇PNTR:PermanentNormalTradingRelations永久性正常贸易关系NI:NationalIncome国民收入GNP:GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值GDP:GrossDomesticProduct国内生产总值IBRD:InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment国际复兴和开发银行IDA:InternationalDevelopmentAssociation国际开发协会IFC:InternationalFinanceCorporation国际金融公司OECD:OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment经济合作和发展组织BIS:BankforInternationalSettlement国际清算银行EEC:EuropeanEconomicCommunity欧洲经济共同体EU:EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟FDI:ForeignDirectInvestment外商直接投资二、词语释义：2/15exacerbate:deteriorate恶化disrupt:interrupt中断inthewakeof:following继┉之后breakdown:analysisbyclassification分类分析buoyant:brisk上扬的，增产的run-down:reductionmountexhibitions:holdexhibitionsinsofaras:totheextent在┉范围之内bottlenecks:obstacles;problemsthatretardorhaltfreemovementorprogress三、句子翻译：OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。ThedebtproblemsconfrontinganumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChinasdeterminationtointroduceforeigntechnologybymeansofdirectinvestmentandconcessionaryfinanceratherthanbyraisingsubstantialsumsofmoneyontheinternationalcapitalmarkets.…Theauthoritiesdonotconsideritappropriatetoincurlargeamountsofexternaldebtuntilanumberofpracticalbottlenecksintheeconomy,suchasaninadequatetransportnetworkandenergyconstraints许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。……在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（二）！！！LessontwoTheCurtainGoesup一、术语：ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士infrastructure基础设施capitalstock实际资本consumergoods消费品preferentialtaxrate优惠税率cooperativeenterprise合作（经营）企业ETDZ（Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone）经济技术开发区3/15entrepreneurship企业家精神meansofproduction生产资料stock-taking评估二、词语释义：inpiecemealform:piecebypiece;gradually逐渐的showpiece:aprimeoroutstandingexample典范pipedream:fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦fromscratch:fromtheverybeginning从零开始，从最初开始grassroots:basiclevel基层thedustsettles:theconfusionends尘埃落定inthedriversseat:inthedominantposition三、句子翻译：IntheSEZs,whicharebeingbuiltalmostfromscratch,foreignerscaninvestinanythingwhichthestatedeemsusefulforthecountry,beit,forexample,productionofgoodsforexportorconstructionofprivate-housingestates.在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。So,whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthecountrysmodernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittees21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway.因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。LessonThreeBeijingRising一、术语：economicheavyweight举足轻重的经济强国commercialhub商业活动中心Percapita人均GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值punitiveimporttariff惩罚性进口关税securities有价证券realestatemarket房地产市场“GreaterChina”tradebloc“大中华”贸易集团4/15conglomerate跨行业公司consortium国际财团二、词语释义：jockey:moveisbustlingwith:isfilledwithgiddy:dizzy;euphoricfarfetched:improbable;incredibleclear:earnanetprofitdealahardblowto:strikeheavilyrung:levelretaliation:returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisalcareeroutofcontrol:runoutofcontrol三、句子翻译：WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChinasmost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.Beijinghascutthisyearsgrowthtargetfrom10to8.5percent,inanefforttokeeptheeconomyfromcareeringoutofcontroljustasitwascutbackin1989and1990whenitoverheated.LessonfourTheEconomicScene:AGlobalPerspective一、术语：centrally-plannedeconomy中央计划经济marketeconomy市场经济disinflationary(anti-inflationary)policies反通货膨胀政策deflation通货紧缩short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率commoditymarket商品市场nominal(dollar)terms名义（美元）价constant(dollar)terms不变（美元）价businesscycle商业周期5/15weightedaverage加权平均数hardcurrencies硬通货fiscaladjustment财政调整portfolioinvestment有价证券投资marketdiversification市场多元化tightcreditpolicy紧缩的信贷政策exchange-ratedevaluation汇率贬值accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性货币政策yieldcurve收益曲线percapitaGDP人均国内生产总值GATT:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定EMS:EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系GDPdeflator消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（GDP平减指数）CMEA(Comecon):CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance经互会LIBOR:LondonInter-BankOfferedRate伦敦同业银行优惠利率二、词语释义：inarow:insuccessioneasing:slowingdown;decreasemomentum:forceofmovementunderlying:beingatthebasisofslackening:slowingofspeed6/15compound:worsenmoderateinflation:easeinflationrobust:strongandhealthysetbacks:frustrationsslump:dep