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DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_________。间接引语直接引语通常都用____________括起来，引号“”直接引语变为间接引语就是写成宾语从句DirectSpeech直接引语IndirectSpeech间接引语Shesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaidshelikedsinging.Shesaidshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用that引导宾语从句.用say(tome),tell,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel引述。连词that只起连接作用，不做句子成分，也无词汇意义，常被省略。从句中的人称、时态、等相应变化.１、人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾第三人称不变引号内的第一人称变间接引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语间接引语一般现在时任何时态现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注:直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.时态变化2宾语从句的时态1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas.3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,thesethat,thosenowthentodaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonththenext/followingmonthheretherecome,bringgo,take情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadto解题步骤:1.陈述句“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sandysaidtoherfriends.SandysaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSandysaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.1．“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“Ihavefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.4.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.5.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”6.“I'mgladtogetyoure-mail.”Hesaidtome.直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变为陈述语序。用ask引述，直接引语是一般疑问句,用if或whether连接“是否”Whether,if在从句中不做成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。在介词之后用whether.：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。在具有选择意义，与ornot连用时，往往用whether例：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoworkouttheproblem?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoworkouttheproblem.itiseasytoworkouttheproblem.askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoworkouttheproblem.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。宾语从句的语序，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.1.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked_________knewwhereshe____.2.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestedin______3.Doyougotoschoolonfoot?IsaidtoMike.4.Isyourmotheraworker?Sheaskedme.5.DoesMarystudyhard?Hewantstoknow.6.Heasked,“Howdoyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________it.7.“Whereareyouthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme______________thesedays.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order,advise等动词的宾语。注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechThepolicemanorderedustobequiet.Thepolicemanordered:“Bequiet.”TheteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindowTheteachersaidtotheboy,”Openthewindow.”宾语从句与简单句的交换由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExerciseII2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime