虚拟语气-倒装-强调句-固定搭配

虚拟语气Contentsif虚拟条件句wish后的虚拟语气表示建议等词语后的虚拟能引出虚拟的词语和特殊句型4123大学英语四级汉译英对虚拟语气主要涉及以下几方面if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句一般是表示与事实相反的情况，我们应熟悉其主、从句的谓语形式。虚拟针对的时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在were/didwould/should/might/could+do过去hadbeen/haddonewould/should/might/could+havedone将来should/wereto+dowould/should/might/could+do.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.IfIwereyou,IshouldwaittillnextweekIfyouhadfollowedmyinstruction,youwouldhavesucceeded.Ifthewholeoperationhadnotbeenplannedbeforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,youcouldn’tbesmilinglikethisnow.exercises1.Thevictim_____________________(本来有机会活下来）ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhavehadachancetosurvive2.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou(按照我的指令去做）________________hadfollowedmyinstructions/orders3.Ifhehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary_______________（就不会被大雨淋湿了）wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain4.Ifthereactionweretotakeplace,______________(巨大的能量就会被释放出来）(2012.12.1(91题）tremendousamountsofenergywouldbereleasedWish后的虚拟语气用were或者动词的过去式•had+过去分词•would/should/could/mighthavedone•would/should/could/might+动词原形Wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示的是无法实现的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词主要有三种形式：对现在的愿望对过去的愿望对将来的愿望Ididn’tgotothepartylastnight,butIdowishIhadbeenthere.IwishIwerethere.IwishIhadwings.IwishyouhadpaidalotattentiontogrammarHewisheshisdaughterwouldcomeandseehimMoreExercises1.Hedidn'tgototheparty,buthedoeswishhe_________（当时在那里）hadbeenthere2.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshe__________(能被分配做另一项工作）couldbeassignedtoantherjob.表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语后的虚拟语气有些词语由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，所以后面接的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句的谓语动词往往用shoulddo的形式，且should常省略。表示这种概念的词语动词名词形容词从句中的谓语动词用shoulddo或者shouldbedone的形式，且should常省略。后接虚拟语气动词：decide,demand,insist,move(提议),order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等。Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce.Weproposethatsomebodyneutraltakethechair(担任主席).（2010.6）90.Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner__________________(要安装在窗户旁).答案：(should)befixed/installedbythewindow(2006,6)89.Theprefessorrequiredthat_______(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.key:we(should)handinourresearchreports形容词：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay.Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident_____(被任命)forthiscollege.答案：beappointed译文:大家非常希望任命一位新校长来管理这所大学。Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms_________(尽早寄出去).（2000.1）答案：besentasearlyaspossible译文:重要的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。名词：decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等。Wewerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.Youradvicethatshewaittillnextweekisreasonable.Thesuggestionthatthemayor________(颁奖)wasacceptedbyeveryone.(2000.6)答案：(should)presenttheprizes译文：每个人都接受了让市长来颁奖的建议.解析：此题考查的是suggestion后的同位语从句,句中谓语动词要采用should型虚拟式.ItisHarold’sdesirethathe(和妻子合葬).答案：(should)beburiednexttohiswife译文：Harold希望死后和妻子合葬.解析：本题考查的是desire后面的表语从句,句中谓语动词应该用should型虚拟语气,should可省略.Moreexercises1.Itisnecessarythateveryone___(take)intheactivities.2.Itisessentialthatwestudent___(learn)Englishwell.3.Itisimportantthatthetask__(finish)ontime.4.HesuggestedthatAlice__(come)backlater.5.Thedoctorinsistedthatthesickworker__(take)agoodrest,butheinsistedthathe__(feel)well能引出虚拟语气的词语除了if以外，另一些词语也能引出虚拟语气，如lest(唯恐，以免),incase(以防),butfor(要不是因为),otherwise,without等。Butforyourkindlyhelp,Icouldn’thavedonethatjobsowell.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe(伤害自己)_________(1998.1)答案：injurehimself89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou_____________________________________________(以防天气变冷)答案：incaseit(should)turncold.解析：lest/incase/forfearthat引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。一些特殊的虚拟语气句型特殊的虚拟句式，常见的包括：ifonly(要是…就好了),wouldratherthat(宁愿),itishightimethat(该是…的时候了)。Iwouldratherthatyouhadn’ttoldhimthatnews.•I’dratheryou(不带那些重要文件)withyou.(1993.6)•答案：didn’ttakethoseimportantdocuments•译文：我宁愿你不带那些重要文件在身上.•解析：此题考查wouldrather后的宾语从•句中对现在情况的虚拟,谓语动词用•一般过去时.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI(听从了你的建议)(1993.6)答案：hadfollowedyouradvice译文：看看我所处的糟糕情形！我要是听从了你的建议就好了。专项练习1.Iwish__________________(我的家乡四季如春)2.Ifyouhadnotruntheredlight,______________________________(事故就不会发生了)3.butforhishelp,____________________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了)4.Itwasnecessarythat________________________________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店)5.Theyrequestedthat___________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.keys1.itwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound2.theaccidentwouldnothavehappened3.wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice4.moremobileshopsbesetupintheresidentialarea.5.thebooksIborrowedbereturnedtothelibrary•(二)倒装结构•倒装结构分为部分倒装和全部倒装。•部分倒装指谓语中的一部分,如•助动词do,does,did,have,has,had•情态动词can,could,may,might,shouldwould,oughtto,must,need等,•系动词be(am,is,are,was,were)等放在主语前面,其余部分包括谓语动词仍在主语后面。••部分倒装应用于下列情况中:(1）有否定含义的副词或短语位于句首作状语•这类词有:neither,never,no,nor,not,seldom,rarely,barely,scarcely/hardly..when...,little,few,undernocircumstances,bynomeans,innocase,innoway,onnoaccount,onnocondition,nosooner...than...等例1Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,butneither(它也没有负责任地行动).•答案：haditactedresponsibly•译文：该组织没有违反任何规定,但是它也•没有负责任地行动。•解析：否定副词neither引出的句子要部分•倒装。注意时态。•例2Th