M-5-U2-grammar-and-usage-动名词

M5U2GrammarandusageVerb-ingform现在分词Step1Lead-in1.We’regoingtovisitsomany_______(excite)placesanddolotsofextraordinarythings.2.After__________(graduate)fromuniversity,hewenttoChinatostudyChinese.3.WitnessesalsosaytheysawJustin_______(walk)towardshishouseat10.45p.m.4.TheChineseledthewayatthe2008BeijingOlympics,_______(win)51goldmedals.5.Bythe1920s,hehadbecomeanexplorer,________(search)forthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.6.Shecouldfeelherheart_______(beat)withfear.Step2DifferentformsofVerb-ing.1.现在分词的不同形式现在分词主动语态被动语态一般式______________________________一般式的否定式______________________________完成式______________________________完成式的否定式_____________________________2.现在分词不同形式的意义1).现在分词的一般式与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，且其所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行；简称“主动又进行”。e.g.Maryfailedallherexams,________(make)bothherparentsveryangry._________(notknow)wheretogo,shewenttothepoliceforhelp.2).现在分词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。e.g._________(live)withthegirlfor5years,weallknowherverywell._________(notdo)itright,Itriedagain.3).现在分词一般式的被动语态强调分词的被动动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时进行。e.g.Thehouse_______(build)havebeensoldout.正在被建造的房子已经售罄。Isawtheman______(take)awaybythepolice.我看到那个人正被警察带走。4).现在分词完成式的被动语态强调分词的被动动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。e.g._______(treat)badlybyhisboss,theyoungmandecidedtoapplyforanotherjob._______(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdogup.邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来，不然就不给我们送信了。Exercises:1._______(notknow)hertelephonenumber,Icouldn’tringherup.2._________(give)suchagoodchance,howcouldyouletitslipaway?3.Theskyscraper________(build)isstillhigherthanthatbuilttheyearbeforelast.4.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,_______(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.5._______(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.Step3DifferentfunctionsofVerb-ingform1.现在分词具有形容词的特征,在句中可充当表语、定语和宾语补足语。1).作表语：现在分词作表语说明主语的性质和特征e.g.①Thefilmlooksvery__________and_______.电影看起来很有趣,很感人。②Thenewsis________.这消息鼓舞人心。注意：现在分词与动名词作表语的区别现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。e.g.①Myjobis________.我的工作很有趣。②Myjobis________.我的工作是教书。2).作定语现在分词作定语可表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态。现在分词作定语可以放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语，功能上相当于形容词,也可放在被修饰的名词之后,作后置定语，可改写为定语从句。e.g.①Isawa_______（sleep）babywhenIpassedbythedoor.我经过门口的时候看到一个熟睡的婴儿。②Thehouses_______(build)arefortheteachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。→转化为定语从句：________________________________________________.3).作宾补现在分词可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中充当宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的动作。e.g.①Wesawourteacher_____theexperiment.我们看见老师在做实验。②Isawthegirl_______onthebeach.我看见那个女孩正在海滩上玩耍。2.现在分词(短语)具有副词的特征,在句中可充当状语.现在分词作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况,相当于一个相应的状语从句。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的_______。1).时间状语:现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，放在主句前，相当于时间状语从句。e.g.①_______(ask)around,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.→转化为时间状语从句：_____________________,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly②______________,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.2).原因状语:现在分词作原因状语一般放在主句前，相当于because,as,since等引导的原因状语从句。e.g.①不知道该做什么，我只好在家里等着。____________(notknow)whattodo,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.→转化为原因状语从句：__________________,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.②AsIhadnotreceivedhisreply,Iwrotehimagain.=_________________________,hisreply,Iwrotehimagain.3).条件状语:现在分词作条件状语既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，可与if引导的条件状语从句互换。e.g.①Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.(句型转换)=_____________,youwillsucceed.②___________(prepare)fully,wecanachievegreatthings.=Ifwepreparefully,wecanachievegreatthings.4).结果状语:现在分词短语作结果状语表自然而然的结果，放在主句后，可以和asaresult引导的结果状语从句互换。也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句e.g.①Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke.Asaresult,theairismadedirty.→Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,__________(make)theairdirty.→Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,_______________（非限制性定语从句）②Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday.Asaresult,shekeepsaslimfigure.→Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,________(cause)hertokeepaslimfigure.→Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,_______________________(非限制性定语从句)5).让步状语:现在分词短语作让步状语可置于句首或句末，且可与though,although,eventhough/if等引导的让步状语从句互换。e.g.①尽管被告诉了好多遍,他仍然犯同样的错误。Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.=_________________________,hestillmadethesamemistake.(转换成分词作状语)②虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。Though__________(work)frommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood.=________________________________________,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.(转换成状语从句).6).伴随状语:现在分词作伴随状语可置于主句前或主句后，此时现在分词可以转化为一个并列句。e.g.①Themancameintotheroom,________(carry)abox.=Themancameintotheroomandhecarriedabox.这个人扛着一个箱子走进了房间。②Theycameintotheclassroom,_________(sing)and_________(laugh).=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。注意：现在分词作状语时,要注意以下三点:①相当于相应的状语从句。②分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语要一致。③现在分词作状语有不同的时态和语态。Exercise:判断对错1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.（）b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.（）2.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.（）b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.()3.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.()b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.()3.独立成分作状语有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally/franklyspeaking_______________judgingfrom__________________considering...____________________speakingof____