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.....专题一名词主要考查三个方面：1、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析；2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词组的意义和用法；3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。◆名词的数规则名词的复数形式规则读音例子1一般情况在词尾加s在清辅音后读/s/在元音及浊辅音后读/z/map—_____sea—______girl—______day—_____apple—_______规则读音例子2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加eses一般读作/iz/class—________box-_______watch—________brush(刷子)-_______3以f或fe结尾的名词变f和fe为v再加esves一般读作/vz/leaf—（叶子）_______thief(小偷)—_______knife—_______wife（妻子）—_______规则读音例子4以y结尾的名词以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es(e)s一般读作/iz/family—_______party—_______story—_______city—________以元音字母＋y结尾的名词+ss一般读作/z/toy—______boy—______day—______.....5.以o结尾的名词有生命的一般加-eshero—_______potato—_______tomato—_______无生命的一般加-spiano—_______radio—_______zoo—_______photo—_______可数名词复数形式的不规则变化规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式man—_______woman—_______foot—_______tooth—_______goose—_______特殊：child—_______mouse—_______2单复数同形sheep—_______deer—_______3只有复数形式trousersclotheschopsticksglasses（眼镜）goods(商品)4一些集体名词用作复数peoplepolicecattle(牛)staff（全体职员）规则例词5表示“某国人”变复数加-sAmerican—_______German—_______European—_______.....单复数同形Chinese—_______Japanese—_______以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men或-womenEnglishman—_______Frenchwoman—_______记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面常见的不可数名词类别例词物质名词液体orange橙汁milk牛奶water水wine酒juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡soup汤oil油食物bread面包meat肉cheese奶酪自然物体soil土壤sand沙子wood木头类别例词抽象名词情感joy高兴friendship友谊peace和平学科math数学geography地理physics物理chemistry化学概念advice建议information信息news消息time时间money金钱population人口knowledge知识music音乐不可数名词的量化具体的量数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词.....twobottlesoforange大概的量表示量的限定词＋不可数名词somegoodpiecesofnews不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：ablockof一块；abottleof一瓶agroupof一群；apileof一堆apairof一组/双/对；apieceof一片/张/块既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词单词词义可数名词不可数名词fish鱼，鱼类（条数，种类）（复数形式：fish）鱼肉room房间aroom空间glass玻璃杯aglass;眼镜（glasses）玻璃time次数，倍数threetimes时间experience经历anexperience经验单词词义可数名词不可数名词work作品awork工作water水域（waters）水orange橘子（oranges）橘子汁food食物种类食物.....【2016广东】Thebroken______maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit,youshouldbecareful.A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles【2016广西来宾】—Therearemany____aboutthisfarm.—Yes,lotsof____areplantedonit.A.photo;potatoB.photos;potatosC.photos;potatoesD.photoes;potatoes1.Helpyourselftosome_______.Therearelotsofvitaminsinthem.A.tomatoB.tomatoesC.tomatosD.potatos2.ifyoutakeaplane,youcannottake______ontotheplanewithyou.A.knifeB.knifesC.knivesD.aknives3.The_______havecaughtthetwo_______already.A.policeman;thiefB.policemen;thiefsC.policemen;thievesD.policeman;thieves【2016重庆】It’ssportstime.MoststudentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.A.boyB.boysC.boy’sD.boys’【2015攀枝花】Allthearefrom．A.mendoctors;GermanyB.mendoctors;GermanC.mandoctors;GermanyD.mandoctor;German【2015广安】—Howmanycanyouseeinthepicture?—Two．A.dogB.childC.sheepsD.sheep【2015天河】—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?.....—,please.A.TwobottleoforangeB.TwobottleoforangesC.TwobottlesoforangeD.Twobottlesoforanges◆名词所有格◆’s所有格使用场合与构成方法例子1单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather2复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers’room不规则复数名词后加’sChildren’sDay3表示各有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJane’sandMary’sbikes（两人各有）表示共有关系时，在最后一词末加’sJaneandMary’sbike（两人共有）◆of所有格“名词+of+名词”表示物体所属关系。使用场合与构成方法例子多用在无生命事物名词前amapofChinathelegsofthechair也可用于表示人和其他有生命的名词，一般用在名词定语较长的时候Doyouknowthenameoftheboysittinginbed?注意.....thestoryofSunYang＝SunYang’sstory孙杨的故事◆双重所有格①of+名词所有格Lucyisafriendofmysister’s.露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。②of+名词性物主代词apictureofherson’s她儿子的一张照片(属于儿子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她儿子)③由“数词+名词”构成的合成名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有连字符“-”。atwo-dayholiday两天的假期a200-metre-wideriver一条200米宽的河④少数名词使用的固定搭配（to所有格）thewaytothebankthekeytothedoortheanswertothequestion【2016山东东营】—Areyousurethisisaphoto,thefamouscomedyactress?—Itsurprisedyou,didn’tit?Butshewasoncereallythin.A.JiaLingB.JiaLing’sC.ofJiaLingD.ofJiaLing’s【2015武威】_____motherscan’tgotoparents’meetingbecausetheyaretoobusy.A.Jack’sandPaulB.Jack’sandPaul’sC.JackandPaul’sD.JackandPaul【2014广东】Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon_____Day.A.WomanB.WomenC.Woman’sD.Women’s.....【2015黑龙江】—Whoseroomisthis?Isitthe?—Yes,itis．A.twins’;TomandTim’sB.twin’s;Tom’sandTim’sC.twins’;TomandTim【2015临沂】Ilivenearthestation.It’sonlyaboutfive————walk．A.minute’sB.minuteC.minutes’D.minutes1.______schoolisquitenearthebusstation.A.TedandTom’sB.Ted’sandTom’sC.TedandTomD.TedandToms’2.Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingsoccerthere?Certainly.Heisafriendofmy_______.A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’sD.brothers’sReadingtimeAGREedydogwentintoabutcher’sshopandstoleabigjuicybone.Heranawaysofastthatthebutchercouldnotcatchhim.Heranoutintothefieldswithhisbone.Hewasgoingtoeatitallbyhimself.thedogcametoastream.Therewasanarrowbridgeacrossit.Thedogwalkedontothebridge,andlookedintothewater.Hecouldseeanotherdogwithabigboneinhismouth......theGREedydogthoughttheboneinthewaterlookedmuchbiggerthantheonehehadstolenfromthebutcher.theGREedydogdroppedthebonefromhismouth.Itfellintothewaterandwaslost.Hejumpedintothewatertosnatchthebiggerbonefromtheotherdog.theGREedydogjumpedintothewaterwithabigsplash.Helookedeverywherebuthecouldnotseetheotherdog.Hisshadowhadgone.thesillydogwenthomehungry.HelosthisboneandgotnothingbecausehehadbeentooGREedy.LionwasawakenedfromsleepbyaMouserunningoverhisface.Risingupinanger,hecaughthimandwasabouttokillhim,whentheMousepiteouslyentreated,saying:Ifyouwou